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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Bu.uetin 165
THE BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND
BY
FERDINAND CANU
Versailles, France
and
RAY S. BASSLER
Head Curator, Department of Geology
United States National Museum
~eeSCOlees
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1933
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - . - - Price 20 cents
ADVERTISEMENT
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two
series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a
medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec-
tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in
biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms
and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet
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zations and to specialists and others interested in the different
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are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.
The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con-
tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi-
cal groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in
several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of
type specimens and special collections, and other material of similar
nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but quarto
size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were
regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes
under the heading Contributions from the United States National
Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since
1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the
Museum.
The present work forms No. 165 of the Bulletin series.
ALEXANDER WETMORE,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution
Wasuineton, D.C., October 12, 1933.
u
CONTENTS
iniroguetion.2 2.22 <0. A Sk eels eng Oh ob oe
Micasurements=2 2) 2252) at nes Sea ees pot depyyle
herminolop yess 2 = ees a Se ea tenho: aeee ee ese
Alphabetical list of Vincentown limesand Bryozoa, showing geographic
Gis tral GLO a ee Ee ee ee ae er aly ray ORE TT eee
Bibliography of papers bearing upon Vincentown limesand Bryozoa___
SIVA tema vICAMeSCEIPUGNS. — 2 a= = Sas eet a ee eh
Sraeri@heilostomata: 2 -- 22645) 2 2 a es Sabhegase ph. sphignp el =.
Buborder-Anastass2o 0.5 2 2 2 NN aE Ly ype 2 oe oe
Pamly -Billustridae- 222 22 el ece 0b poh Mhev alae altel
Genus Membrantporda. —=-altess 3) ja28t ote ee ee
Genus, Vancularta 2-302 2 eile haa mses
Ramilyebincksinidae:s 22.200 22. ee yy ie Se ar
Genus A nlousinas. = 52 24 Mate gh. cyte 0.6 J Po oe
HamilywAld eriniddes.222 5 sas) oo emia da Fe tag ree ae yepis 2
CrONOStNG, DEW CONUS. 5st enh aE yg ENC ee
Genus Membrantporidras. a beni Sine
Bilisinzdra; New Cenus yi 5 sees Sk QUAN 8
GenusvAldemnd@ass leo. oe. att ee bores Bey
Genus Siamenoceia.... Hla teh anges 2 ee
Genus) Allantoporas]) 5.) gather anet @ Sates Ee
Genus Pertporoseula. 22 os et a ee Laue
Genus) Crassimarginatellas > 220) sya bef ae ee Sek by Siok
Genus; Callopora 2 =.=. 2 28 pe ¥ Jaren tap agit pegs bs
Genus: Ampheblestrume si" >! SS ene el a Pree i Se:
Gensy Bunting se. oe a aa te OE g poy: ee
HamilyeOpesinlidaey 265 2) os Soke OL Tee RE A lag yD epee MP oes
Cenussiloridena sen a 2) 2. 2S) leh atey t ie APS
Gents Macro porae 2) 2. 2 ENS 2 Septet Aang ap
Family oAspidostomidae sen.) Seon) 2 eee os aie...
Gremust Mollie: ects oa Ss eck nee eG NN ya oh ed
Genus Monoporellas Si 2. later DW RET Spiel!
Genustihagasostomanenc2 2 to. yee eas a
Ramiulyssctosellidde:: 2s se see ene! Ces ee aie B45
Setosinelias MEW -CeNUS=—-s0 2 22) i OS ep ie eit le
Bamity<Coscinopleuridacs 2. i). 2 20-204 ee as Ye ea
Genusy@gacmopleuraes =. J os ee ee fee:
DHDOLGereASCODNOLA see eee ee sin, eh ee ie
Family Lagynoporidacs =) 22-2 1) oo eee
Genus Lagynopora_____- fet a RS eS
Hamil y;Andrioporidae.2 ye tte 2 el ae
GenlseAcolonorats eerie. 2) Pe eee Se et
Genus Distansescharelia. »__ 8 5 ee
Gens tO DRIGIS an" ca.) Ga eae ow es ee
ens Vaniopordoee st. Sesto A eee bate
Page
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IY BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Order Cheilostomata—Continued
Suborder Ascophora—Continued Page
Mamiby SBelimi atop or cate ei ish sh teen en ne 53
Genus: Rhintoporas 212 22 2b ee 5s ee eee ae 53
Genus: Kelestonta: 3£3 i528) W500) Foie ee ens Oe eee 55
Genius: Trecephalo paras Cea i 0. ek eos ee eee 56
Genus | Foljecphaloporas. 02 Sry ee ae ee 59
Genus: Anvornitiopora. 2200 050) .e Se Sea ee ae ee 60
Genus. -Hesperoporas=5. is s25cb cess 2 ee ou 61
Genus. Stichocados: sys 24225 Does 2s eee eas 62
Genus Diacanthopong sas oe ae ae ee ee 65
Hamily VEippot hore senses Se Lee Cea Le So Rayne ee ten Zl
Genusvianpothogins sae yas aera oh ag AN) ai
Genus" Dacryoponalee Baise Beene eee eee ee ne 71
Dinlotresis, new genus = 522224. 5-~ 4 S00 eee ee 72
RamilyAcroporidaes =) 2. outs 2S 2 Bee Se a ee eee 73
Genus ‘Beisselindns i. 2k, SS a ea 73
Kamily; Escharellidaé! 2224 226 ou 5 ee 79
Subfamallyaib eristor clllsic eae eae tie eee eee ne aE ee eee 79
Genus) Ezochellaz = jo 25 = 2. BY BE ee 79
Family; Phylactellidacies. 22. i022. = 2 a 80
Genus *Perigasinella 2 2h 5 SSeS eee 2 ae 80
Family Hippopodinidae.. 2. 43.22 534 ) ) eee epi Jeu 81
Cenusvileppaliosin ae eee eee ee 81
Family. Reteporidae:.4../4 = Ie soa se We Se 2) ee 82
Psvlosecos new ensues, Se ee ee 82
Family Celleporidaes se 25 eee Ue pn RA 2 eer 84
Genus! Acanthionellaa2 sean Re eee eee ee 84
Genus’ Kleidzonellas 24 2 SRO ERO. he apes 86
Order Cyclostomata. = 2220/6 hs 2a Afb) ok OEE NE SRT ete eae 87
Subdivision, Parallelata = «Tees OM Es Oe FD A 87
Kamily: Diastoporidaess:-2- = 4. See BA eee 87
Family: Oncousoeciidae. 2.945 Sree Ee nes Ss ee 88
Family: Plasioéciidaé. «= 224 soe, Dee Ae ee ee SY 88
Family sDiaperoeciidaes=.5 =. 24.44.45 . 3 ee 89
Family Tubuliporidse. i352 2 822. <u ee WA se 89
Family Frondiporidae 2) 2+ 2 = A A 90
Family’ Cytisidae:-.. 55. 32. ao<2. a Soe ee 90
Subdivision. Reetangulata 222 22.2522 2.255, A ee 90
Family Lichesoporidace: <.4Ls 44. See ee ee 90
Family '‘Lelosoeciidae +: 2. =~ 2 OO SO SE ee 90
Doubtiulspecitess so se oe Dae hy 5D SRE Ce Se RRA 91
explanation ‘of platesze 2542 6. 62 44. RO CEE Eee ee Ee mies 93
Iindexa aii eee hh eee Divot ME A Tela 6) DARIN) SET ao RD le ENO. 103
Se
hme
S35
14.
15.
16.
te
18.
19.
. Species of Perigastrella, Monoporella, and Diacanthopora.
2s
SHMDADARWN HE
ILLUSTRATIONS
TExT FIGURES °
Page
. Species of Stichocados, Hesperopora, Tricephalopora, and Dia-
COREE TL OD OT; Coa ete Ae RE ree an SU IR ee he Nee ma ae ee es ee ee 63
PLATES
(FOLLOWING PAGE 102)
. Species of Vineularia, Membranipora, Aplousina, and Ellisinidra.
Species of Aplousina and Cranosina.
. Species of Membraniporidra, Alderina, and Stamenocella.
. Species of Alderina and Allantopora.
Species of Periporosella and Crassimarginatella.
Species of Crassimarginatella, Euritina, and Callopora.
. Species of Floridina, Ampriblestrum, and Mollia.
Species of Monoporella, Diacanthopora, Micropora, and Rhagasostoma.
. Species of Coscinopleura and Setosinella.
. Species of Aeolopora, Distansescharella, and Lagynopora.
. Species of Pliophloea.
. Species of Rhiniopora, Kelestoma, Anornithopora, Nannopora, and
Pliophloea,
Species of Tricephalopora, Stichocados, and Hesperopora.
Species of Polycephalopora and Diacanthopora.
Species of Hippaliosina, Psilosecos, and Kleidionella.
Species of Acanthionella.
Species of Dacryopora, Exochella, and Diplotresis.
Species of Hippothoa and Beisselina.
Species of Beisselina.
Surface of an indurated layer of fossiliferous limesand from Vincentown,
N.J.; view of marl pit at Vincentown, N.J.
Vv
THE BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE VINCENTOWN
LIMESAND
By Ferrpinanp Canu ?
Versailles, France
and
Ray S. Bassier
Head Curator, Department of Geology, United States National Museum
INTRODUCTION
Tue Mesozorc rocks of North America have so far afforded few
species of Bryozoa, in strange contrast with Europe, where many of
the formations, particularly of the Cretaceous system, often literally
abound in examples of the two orders Cyclostomata and Cheilosto-
mata. During our studies of the Tertiary Bryozoa of North Amer-
ica, published as United States National Museum Bulletins 106 and
125, we had occasion to investigate the generic types present in the
Vincentown limesand, a formation of the coastal plain of New Jersey,
at that time placed near the top of the Cretaceous and the only
strata in North America of supposed Mesozoic age that contain a
considerable number of those organisms. Some layers of the Vin-
centown limesand are so crowded with fragments of several bryozoan
species (pl. 21) that there is little room for other fossils, which, in-
deed, are rather rare except for the microscopic Foraminifera and
Ostracoda. Incrusting these few species (Coscinopleura digitata
and Pliophloea sagena) are many of the forms herein described.
Occurring more rarely with them in the loose sands are the other
species described.
The Vincentown limesand and associated formations crop out in
a belt running diagonally across the State of New Jersey in a north-
east-southwest direction from Raritan Bay to Salem County. These
formations have been the subject of study by several eminent paleon-
tologists and stratigraphers, and an excellent account of the facts
concerning them is given by Weller in his report on the Cretaceous
1Dr. Canu died on Feb. 12, 1932, a few weeks before this bulletin was submitted for
publication, bringing to a close the association of the authors in scientific work of almost
a quarter of a century.—EDIToR.
1
2 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
of New Jersey.2. The arrangement of the stratigraphy shown in
table 1 was adopted by the United States Geological Survey and was
proposed by Knapp and Kiimmel.
Weller, after a critical study of the faunas, concluded that two
main divisions would more exactly represent the true history of the
formations. The close relationship of the faunas led him to place
in one group, designated the Ripleyian, all strata from the Magothy
through the Tinton sand. The higher faunas, including the Horners-
town marl, Vincentown sand, and Manasquan marl, he grouped
under the term J/erseyian, as their typical development is in New
Jersey. Weller recognized the Jerseyian as of Upper Cretaceous
age on the basis of the close relationship of the faunas with those of
the Maastrichtian division of the Danian series of the Cretaceous
of western Europe.
TABLE 1.—Cretaceous and Eocene formations in the Coastal Plain of New
Jersey
|
SYSTEM SERIES FORMATION THICKNESS
Feet
Tertiary___-__- MOCeNe= ee ees au Shark: Riversmoarl = 9:20 2-5. aloe ee ee | eee
(Unconformity.)
IManasquanmar] £203 2. Ose a es Se ees 25
Rancocas group:
Vincentown Sango = ek ene 8 Se eos eee 25- 70
Hlornerstowninarlls) eos - Seer e ee eae eee 30
Monmouth group:
Redbank sand ‘with ‘Tinton Sand 2252-22222 -9) 222222 -- 10
INavesinktmarl! Ji) 22s 5 2. ee eee ee eee 25- 40
= Mount aurelisand# >= 22> = 28 Sanya ee ae 5- 60
Cretaceous___}] Upper Cretaceous---
Matawan group:
Wrenonah’sand! ©. 225. 2J.82ss 1 tee. eee 20- 35
Marshalltown forma tlonos S225 = ee 30- 35
Englishtown Sand=2-- 2222-20 - ee eens 20-100
iWioodburyiclay2 2: 72 2-02. eee. ees ee ee ee ee ee 50
Merchantville clay 2-2 22 = ae ee eee 60
Magothy formation! =. - 22-58-22 ee eee 25-175
Raritanifonmation:=_tesee [oa eer see eee 150-250
C. Wythe Cooke and Lloyd W. Stephenson * focused attention on
the question of the age of the Vincentown and associated Upper
Cretaceous formations. The abstract of their paper presented briefly
the question at issue and the basis upon which the authors reached
the conclusion that these formations should be placed in the Tertiary
instead of the Upper Cretaceous:
Three formations of the coastal plain of New Jersey, the Hornerstown marl,
the Vincentown sand, and the Manasquan marl, which have heretofore been
referred to the Upper Cretaceous series, are, on the basis of a new analysis
of their contained fauna and the transgressive overlap of the Hornerstown
? Weller, Stuart, New Jersey geological survey, vol. 4, 1907.
8 The Eocene age of the supposed late Upper Cretaceous greensand marls of New Jer-
sey. Journ. Geol., vol. 36, no, 2, pp. 1389-149, 1928,
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND S
marl on formations of undoubted Upper Cretaceous age, now correlated with
the Hocene. The three formations and the overlying Shark River marl, the
Eocene age of which has not been questioned, are, on the evidence of common
fossil species, correlated approximately with the Pamunkey group (Kocene) of
Maryland.
As intimated above, our studies of the Vincentown Bryozoa have
been almost entirely from the systematic and biologic standpoints,
so that our opinions as to the age of the formation are based solely
upon comparisons with the well-known Upper Cretaceous and early
Tertiary faunas of Europe. The Vincentown Bryozoa certainly show
close similarity to those of the Maastrichtian and Danian divisions
of Europe, with various genera and some identical species and little
relationship to the usual Tertiary faunas of either Europe or Amer-
ica. It is true that various characteristic species of the Vincentown
fauna are present in the Aquia formation in Maryland referred to
the base of the Eocene and likewise that the Clayton limestone at the
base of the Eocene (Midwayan) in the Gulf Coastal States contains
similar genera. It is evident that the much-discussed subject of the
Cretaceous—Tertiary boundary line is again in question.
In spite of the abundant material available for study in the prep-
aration of this bulletin, certain biological details of some of the
species still remain unknown. The Vincentown limesand is usually
composed of unconsolidated sands (pl. 21), so that collecting consists
mainly in passing the loose material through a fine sieve and then
washing and assorting the myriads of specimens left behind. The
Vincentown, N.J., locality has furnished the greater part of our
material, but here the specimens are not so well preserved as at
Blackwocdstown, a locality now lost, from which a sample was col-
lected for the National Museum over half a century ago. The two
Delaware localities are represented by a few but most excellently pre-
served specimens furnished us by officials of the Maryland Geological
Survey. These three localities if rediscovered would undoubtedly
yield exquisite material for future studies.
MEASUREMENTS
Micrometric measurements for the determination of species of
Bryozoa were inaugurated by Smitt in 1872; they were adopted
in general for the Cyclostomata by Pergens in 1889, and for the
Cheilostomata by Canu in 1900. At the present time there is scarcely
an author who does not consider them indispensable. If not using
actual figures, the authors mention the scale of their illustrations.
Still another way of evaluation is to establish the number of cells
or apertures in a convenient unit. This number is often a specific
characteristic, and it adds to the value of the measurements and
simplifies the determination.
4. BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
We have chosen 2 millimeters square (4 square millimeters) as a
convenient unit, because this usually permits estimates that are
neither too small nor too large. For the giant species the numbers
are small, without, however, losing their characteristic value. For
species of the Membranipore type, it is necessary to count the cells
or at least the opesia, which makes an estimate a little less exact.
For species of the Escharian type we count the number of apertures
visible in this same space. In general the numbers observed are
between 10 and 30. For the small species the number becomes too
large and cannot be easily and correctly estimated. For such cases
we have chosen another unit, 1 square millimeter, which furnishes
2 more convenient number ranging between 5 and 15. All the
Retepores and many of the Adeonidae can be calculated only by
the square millimeter. In the Onychocellidae and all species with
large interzooecial avicularia we count the latter as well as the
onychocellaria as true cells. In the Celleporidae it is necessary to
compute the oriented and the cumulated cells separately.
Thus, the number of cells on a given surface varies according to
the size of the cells. For example, this number is larger in the
neighborhood of the ancestrula, where the zooecia are much smaller ;
it is necessary then to take the measurements on the zoarial margin,
where they are of normal size. Again, irregularities of gemmation,
whatever the cause, change the number and measurements taken
on unoriented cells. Precision in choosing the right place is there-
fore indispensable. In the Berenicea types this method of evalua-
tion of the number of orifices on a given surface is preferable to
the system of micrometric measurements.
TERMINOLOGY
The terminology of the Bryozoa is so special that for the sake of
completeness we have introduced the following definitions:
ANCESTRULA: First cell (derived from the larva) of a colony.
ANTER: Superior distal portion of the apertura.
APERTURA: Orifice of the cells through which the animals extend their tenta-
cles; it is closed by an operculum in the Cheilostomata.
AscoporE: Frontal pore serving as the orifice to the compensatrix.
AVICULARIUM: Small cell without polypide containing muscles producing move-
ment in a mandible, always in the same direction.
CARDELLES and LYRULE: Small lateral points placed in the apertura and serving
as pivots to the operculum; the lyrule, placed in the middle, limits the
movement of the operculum.
COMPENSATRIX: Small membranous sac placed in the cell, which becomes filled
with water when the tentacles are extruded. It opens exteriorly in the
proximal portion (poster) of the aperture or by a special pore (ascopore).
CostTuLes: Small radiating ridges forming the frontal of the cribrimorph cells;
they originate from primitive marginal spines.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 5
CRIBRIMORPHS: Cells with costulated frontals,
Cryprocyst: Caleareous lamella bordering the mural rim and serving as a
frontal to cells deprived of a compensatrix. Between it and the ecto-
cyst there is a cavity or hypostege operating as a hydrostatic apparatus.
DIETELLAE: Small chambers placed around the cells.
DISTAL: Portion of an image (or of an organ) most distant from the observer.
Ecrocyst: Thin membrane entirely surrounding the colony.
Enpocyst: Thin inner membrane containing all the organs located in the cell.
ENDOZOOECIAL (Or ENTOZOOECIAL) : Cavity (ovicelled) located in the interior
of the cell.
Escuara: Name applied to a free colony formed of two erect lamellae, back
to back.
Gkénitstes: Cells containing only female organs; they are often deprived of
polypides. When they are ovicelled, the ovicell is endozooecial.
GyMnocyst: Inferior calcified portion of certain Membranipores.
Hererozooecia: Small cells without polypide, or different forms of normal
cells.
HYPERSTOMIAL: Placed above the aperture, referring to a form of ovicell.
Hyposrrece: Cavity situated between the cryptocyst and the ectocyst.
LACUNAE: Small pores between the costules of the cribrimorph cells.
LuMEN: Clear longitudinal line in the middle of the costules of cribrimorph
cells.
MANDIBLE: Small chitinous organ, triangular or rounded, attached to the avic-
ularia. It always moves in the same direction.
OxctoporE: Orifice of the ovicell of tubular Bryozoa (Cyclostomata). It is
surrounded by an oeciostome more or less salient.
OxLocyst: Calcified frontal of a cell provided with a compensatrix. It is
always thin and smooth.
ONYCHOCELLARIUM: An avicularium in which the mandible is provided with
lamellar expansions,
OPERCULUM and OPERCULAR VALVE: Small chitinous organ closing the orifice of
the cells.
OPESIULES and OPESIULAR INDENTATIONS: Small perforations in the cryptocyst
for the passage of the muscles attached to the ectocyst.
OpEsIuM: Large orifice left on the Membranipore cells after the disappearance
of the chitinous ectocyst.
OrAL: Any organ (spines, avicularia, mucron, etc.) placed in the neighborhood
of the aperture.
OrIFICE: Aperture of the tubular cells.
OviIcELL: Chamber of incubation for the embryo until its metamorphosis into
a free larva. It is formed of two lamellae, the ectoecium and entoecium.
PrericystT: Calcified frontal in certain families never covered by the membranous
ectocyst.
PrrriporeEs: Pores of the frontal surrounded by a salient circle.
PERISTOME: Salient calcification around the aperture or a pore. Its orifice is the
peristomice ; the exterior free portion is the peristomie.
PLEuROcyST: Caleareous pellicle generally granular, placed on the olocystal
frontal of a cell surrounded by areolar pores.
PotypmeE: Animal with tentacles placed in the interior of the cell and of the
tubes. It has a mouth, a stomach, an intestine, and an anus.
Poster: Anterior proximal portion of the apertura.
ProTorciuM: Small initial disk of the ancestrula of a tubular colony (Cyclo-
stomata).
6 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
REGENERATION: A phenomenon particular to the Bryozoa. A dead polypide
in a cell is expelled in the form of a brown body and is replaced by another
polypide. The latter often produces a secondary calcification visible ex-
teriorly, which permits the recognition of this phenomenon in fossil species.
The polypide may be replaced by an avicularium,
RIMULE: Posterior small tongue observed often on the operculum.
SCLERITE: Marginal thickening of the operculum.
Sinus: Proximal indentation in the aperture, corresponding to the rimule
of the operculum. It is the orifice of the compensatrix. The operculum
closes at the same time as the cell, the orifice of the tentacles, and that
of the compensatrix.
SEPTULAE: Very small perforations in the walls of the cells, serving for the
passage of the mesenchymatous fibers. They are uniporous or multiporous.
SPICULES: Small spines without internal canal.
SPINES: Small hollow projections more or less long. They are marginal when
placed around the cells and oral when around the aperture.
SpPIRAMEN: Orifice opening into the peristomie above the operculum.
Sutcr: Longitudinal furrows decorating the Horneridae and some other tubu-
lar Bryozoa.
TENTACLES: Small ciliated arms serving in the nutrition of the polypide. They
do not capture the plankton, but they are cilia that by their synchronous
vibrations direct the water toward the mouth.
TREMOCYST: Perforated frontal of the cell. The perforations are the tremo-
pores.
VACUOLES: Small perforations opening at the bottom of the sulci.
VIBRACULARIUM: Small special cell without polypide. It contains the muscles
for the movement of the vibraculum.
VIBRACULUM: A cilium of more or less length moving in every direction.
VINCULARIAN: Name applied to a colony with cylindrical growth form.
ZOARIUM: Colony.
ZOOECIUM: Cell.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA, SHOW.
ING GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
(V=Vincentown, N.J.; T=Timber Creek and Mullica Hill, N.J.; B=near
Blackwoodstown, N.J.; N=Noxontown Millpond, Del.; O=2 miles southwest
of Odessa, in branch of Oppoquinimink Creek, Del.)
CHEILOSTOMATA
Acanthionella typica Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B, N, O).
Aeolopora grandis, new species (V, B).
Alderina rustica D’Orbigny, 1852 (V, B, N, O).
Alderina welleri, new species (V, N).
Allantopora annuloidea Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V).
Allantopora irregularis Gabb and Horn, 1860 (V, T, B).
Amphiblestrum(?) abortivum Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B).
Anornithopora(?) fragilis, new species (V).
Aplousina contumaz, new species (V, B).
Aplousina disjuncia Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, B).
Beisselina intermedia, new species (V).
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND
Beisselina labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B).
Beisselina lonsdalei, new species (V, B).
Beisselina mortoni, new species (V, B).
Callopora jerseyensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V).
Callopora noxontownensis, new species (N).
Coscinopleura digitata Morton, 1834 (V, T, B).
Cranosina altimuralis Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V, N, O).
Crassimarginatella intermedia, new species (V, B).
Crassimarginatella nematoporoides Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V).
Dacryopora(?) orbifera, new species (N).
Diacanthopora abbottii Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B, N).
Diacanthopora convezra, new species (V).
Diacanthopora distans Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B).
Diacanthopora marginata Gabb and Horn, 1862 (T).
Diplotresis sparsiporosa Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V, O).
Distansescharella lata, new species (V, N).
Distansescharella pumila Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B).
Ellisinidra heteropora Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, N, O).
Euritina torta Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B).
Ezochella septentrionalis, new species (V, B, N, O).
Floridina subscutata, new species (N).
Hesperopora occidentalis Lang, 1916 (B).
Hippaliosina aspera Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B, N).
Hippothoa tenuichorda Ulvich and Bassler, 1907 (V).
Kelestoma simplex, new species (V).
Kleidionella(?) trabeculifera, new species (V).
Lagynopora americana, new species (N).
Membranipora nellioides, new species (V).
Membraniporidra perampla Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, B).
Micropora cylindracea Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V).
Micropora ogivalina, new species (V, N).
Micropora parva, new species (N).
Micropora(?) pulchra Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V).
Mollia lacessitor, new species (V).
Mollia parvicella, new species (N, O).
Monoporella(?) laticella, new species (V).
Monoporeila(?) vincentownensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V, B).
Nannopora(?) minimora, new species (V).
Perigastrella exserta Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, N).
Periporosella(?) plebeia Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B, N).
Pliophloea elegans, new species (N).
Pliophloea sagena Morton, 1834 (V, T, B, N).
Pliophloea ventricosa, new species (V, N).
Polycephalopora birostrata, new species (V).
Psilosecos muralis Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B).
Rhagasostoma americana, new species (N).
Rhiniopora parvirostrata, new species (N).
Rhiniopora tubulosa, new species (V).
Setosinella prolifica, new species (V).
Stamenocella oculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V, B).
Stichocados compositus Lang, 1916 (V, B).
8 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Stichocados mucronatus, new species (V).
Tricephalopora acutirostris, new species (V, B).
Tricephalopora incrassata, new species (V, N).
Tricephalopora prolifera Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, B, N, O).
Vinceularia acutirostris, new species (V).
CYCLOSTOMATA
Diaperoecia americana Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B).
Diaperoecia sdillans Canu and Bassler, 1922 (V).
Diplosolen lineatum Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B).
Discocytis eccentrica Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V, B).
Entalophora conradii Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B).
Filifascigera megaera Lonsdale, 1845 (V, T, B, N).
Idmonea (Heterocrisina) abbotti Gabb and Horn, 1860 (V, T, B).
Leiosoecia parvicella Gabb and Horn, 1860 (V, T, B).
Lekythionia dichotoma Gabb and Horn, 1862(V, T, B).
Lichenopora papyracea D’Orbigny, 1852 (V, N).
Oncousoecia bifureata Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V, B).
Oncousoecia contortilis Lonsdale, 1845 (V, T, B).
Plagioecia americana Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V, B, N).
Plagioecia varians Ulrich, 1901 (V, B).
Retelea ovalis Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, T, B, N).
Stathmepora gabbiana Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V, B).
Stomatopora kiimmelli Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (V, B).
Stomatopora regularis Gabb and Horn, 1862 (V, B, N).
The following list is introduced for comparison with the Vincen-
town fauna:
Lowest Eocene (Bryozoan bed of Aquia formation), Upper Marlboro, Md.
Species marked with an asterisk (*) occur also in the Vincentown limesand
CHEILOSTOMATA
Acanthionella simplex Canu and Bassler, 1920 (allied to A. typica Gabb and
Horn, 1862).
Bathosella aspera Ulrich, 1901.
Cheilopora (Lepralia) labiosa Ulrich, 1901.
*Coscinopleura digitata Morton, 1834.
Ellisina spiculosa Ulrich, 1901.
*Hilisinidra (Amphiblestrum) heteropora Gabb and Horn, 1862.
*Huritina torta Gabb and Horn, 1862.
*Hippaliosina aspera Gabb and Horn, 1862 (Lepralia subplana Ulrich, 1901).
Lunuaria reversa Ulrich, 1901.
Membraniporella crassula Ulrich, 1901.
Membraniporella modesta Ulrich, 1901.
Membraniporina rimulata Ulrich, 1901.
Monoporella (Macropora) aquia Canu and Bassler, 1920 (allied to M. vin-
centownensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1907).
Periporosella (Hllisina) angusta Ulrich, 1901 (allied to P. plebleia Gabb and
Horn, 1862).
Ramphonotus laevis Canu and Bassler, 1920.
Stamenocella cylindrica Canu and Bassler, 1920 (allied to S. oculata Ulrich
and Bassler, 1907).
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 9
CYCLOSTOMATA
Ceriopora micropora Goldfuss (?) (not a bryozoan).
Diplosolen compactum Canu and Bassler, 1920.
Heteropora tecta Ulrich, 1901.
*Lekythionia dichotoma Gabb and Horn, 1862.
Partretocycloecia (Cavaria) dumosa Ulrich, 1901.
Plagioecia (Fascipora) subramosa Ulrich, 1901 (probably Diaperoecia ameri-
cana Gabb and Horn, 1862).
*Plagioecia (Discosparsa) varians Ulrich, 1901.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PAPERS BEARING UPON VINCENTOWN LIME-
SAND BRYOZOA
CANU, FERDINAND, and BASSLER, RAY SMITH.
1920. North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 106,
879 pp., 279 figs., 162 pls.
The following Vincentown limesand species are described and
illustrated: Coscinopleura digitata Morton, 1834; Acanthionella
typica Gabb and Horn, 1862; Leiosoecia parvicella Gabb and Horn,
1860; Oncousoecia bifurcata Ulrich and Bassler, 1907; Amphi-
blestrum heteropora Gabb and Horn, 1862 (—E#llisinidra hetero-
pora); HEuritina torta Gabb and Horn, 1862; Meniscopora sub-
plana Ulrich, 1902 (=Hippaliosina aspera) ; Plagioecia subramosa
Ulrich, 1901 (=Diaperoecia americana); Discosparsa varians
Ulrich, 1901 (=Plagioecia varians) ; Lekythionia dichotoma Gabb
and Horn, 1862.
1922. Studies on the cyclostomatous Bryozoa. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol.
61, art. 22, pp. 1-160, pls. 1-28.
Oncousoecia bifurcata Ulrich and Bassler, 1907; Plagioecia
varians Ulrich, 1901; P. (Berenicea) americana Ulrich and Bass-
ler, 1907; Stathmepora gabbiana Ulrich and Bassler, 1907; Dia-
peroecia saillans, new species; D. (Fascipora) americana Gabb
and Horn, 1862; Diplosolen (Diastopora) lineatum Gabb and
Horn, 1862; Discocytis (7?) eccentrica Ulrich and Bassler, 1907;
Leiosoecia (Multicrescis) parvicella Gabb and Horn, 1860.
ConraAD, TIMOTHY ABBOTT, in CooK, GEORGE H.
1868. Synopsis of invertebrate fossils, Cretaceous and Eocene. Geol. Sury.
New Jersey, pp. 721-782. (Lists only.)
CREDNER, H.
1870. Die Kreide von New Jersey. Zeitschr. Deutschen Geol. Ges., vol.
22, pp. 191-251, pl. 4.
Ditaxia compressa Goldfuss and EHschara dichotoma Goldfuss,
referring probably to Pliophloea sagena and Coscinopleura digi-
tata.
GABB, WILLIAM M., and Horn, GerorGE H.
1860. Descriptions of new Cretaceous corals from New Jersey. Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12, pp. 366, 367.
Hippothoa irregularis, new species (=Allantopora irregularis) ;
Cellepora bilabiata, new species (unrecognizable; name changed to
Cellepora prolifica in 1862); C. carinata, new species (unrecogni-
10
BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
zable; see Ulrich and Bassler, in Weller, 1907, for bibliography) ;
OC. typica, new species (=Acanthionella typica); Reticulipora
sagena, new species (not recognizable) ; Reptomulticava cepularis,
new species (not recognizable) ; Multicrescis parvicella, new species
(=Leiosoecia parvicella). Localities not given.
1860. Deseriptions of new species of American Tertiary and Cretoceous
fossils. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 4, pp.
375-404.
The following species are described from the Cretaceous of
Timber Creek and from near Mullica Hill, N.J.: Hippothoa irre-
gularig Gabb and Horn, 1860 (=—Allantopora irregularis) ; Celle-
pora bilabiata Gabb and Horn, 1860; C. carinata Gabb and Horn,
1860; C. typica Gabb and Horn, 1860 (=Acanthionella typica) ;
Reticulipora sagena Gabb and Horn, 1860; Reptomulticava cepularis
Gabb and Horn, 1860; MJulticrescis parvicella Gabb and Horn, 1860
(=Leiosoecia parvicella) ; Acerviclausa vermicularis, new genus
and species (not recognizable) ; Heterocrisina abbottii, new genus
and species.
1862. Monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary and Tertiary forma-
tions of North America. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser.
2, vol. 5, pp. 111-178, pls. 19-21.
The following species are described from the Cretaceous of Tim-
ber Creek and near Mullica Hill, N.J.: Hschara digitata Morton,
1834 (=Coscinopleura digitata); Celiepora prolifica Gabb and
Horn, 1862 (undeterminable; first described as Cellepora bilabiata
Gabb and Horn, 1860); CO. exserta, new species (=—Perigastrella
exserta); C. pumila, new species (=Distansescharella pumila) ;
Reptocelleporaria aspera, new species (=—Hippaliosina aspera) ;
Escharinella muralis, new species (=Psilosecos muralis); Rep-
tescharellina prolifera, new species (=—Tricephalopora prolifera) ;
Escheripora typica Gabb and Horn (=—Acanthionella typica); EH.
distans, new species (=—Diacanthopora distans); H. abbottii, new
species (=Diacanthopora abbottii) ; E. immersa, new species (un-
determinable; see Ulrich and Bassler, 1907, for bibliography) ;
Pliophloea sagena Morton, 18384; Reptescharipora marginata, new
species (=—Diacanthopora marginata) ; Biflustra torta, new species
(=—Euritina torta); B. disjuncta, new species (=—Aplousina dis-
juncta) ; Pyripora irregularis Gabb and Horn, 1860 (=Allantopora
irregularis) ; Membranipora abortiva, new species (=Amphibles-
trum abortivum) ; M. perampla, new species (=—Membraniporidra
perampla); Membranipora plebeia, new species (=Periporosella
plebeia); Flustrella capistrata, new species (=Amphiblestrum
abortivum) ; F. cylindrica, new species (possibly Stamenocella
oculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1907) ; Reptoflustrella heteropora, new
species (=Hlilisinidra heteropora); Retelea ovalis, new species;
Filifascigera megaera Lonsdale, 1845; Fascipora americana, new
species (=Diaperoenma amerwana); NSpiropora calamus, new
species (not rediscovered) ; ZJdmonea contortilis Lonsdale, 1845
(=Oncousoecia contortilis); Hntalophora quadrangularis, new
species (not recognized; possibly Ochetosella jacksonica of the
EKocene) ; #. conradii, new species; Diastopora lineata, new species
(=Diplosolen lineatum); Stomatopora regularis, new species;
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND i
Reticulipora dichotoma, new species :(—Lekythionia dichotoma) ;
R. sagena Gabb and Horn, 1860 (not recognizable) ; Bicrisina
(Heierocrisina) abbottii Gabb and Horn, 1860 (=—Idmonea (Hetero-
crisina) abbotti) ; Reptomulticava cepularis Gabb and Horn, 1860
(not recognized); Orescis labiata, new species (=Beisselina
labiata) ; Multicrescis parvicella Gabb and Horn, 1860 (—Leiosoe-
cia parvicella).
JOHNSON, CHARLES WILLISON.
1905. Annotated list of the types of invertebrate Cretaceous fossils in the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences: Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 57, pp. 428.
LANG, W. D.
1921. Catalogue of Cretaceous Bryozoa, vol. 3, The Cribrimorphs, part 1,
xevi-+267 pp., 115 figs., 8 pls.
Pliophloea sagena Morton, 1834.
1922. Catalogue of Cretaceous Bryozoa, vol. 4, The Cribrimorphs, part 2,
408 pp., 125 figs., 8 pls.
Diacanthopora abbottii Gabb and Horn, 1862; Stichocados com-
positus Lang, 1916; Hesperopora occidentalis Lang, 1916; Tri-
cephalopora prolifera Gabb and Horn, 1862; Diacanthopora mar-
ginata Gabb and Horn, 1862; D. distans Gabb and Horn, 1862.
LONSDALE, WILLIAM.
1845. Account of six species of Polyparia obtained from Timber Creek,
New Jersey. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 1, pp. 65-75,
22 figs. in text.
Idmonea contortilis, new species (=Oncousoecia contortilis) ;
Tubulipora megaera, new species (=—Filifdscigera megaera) ;
Cellepora tubulata, new species (not recognized); Hscharina
sagena Morton, 1834 (=Pliophloea sagena); EH. digitata Morton,
1834 (=Coscinopleura digitata).
MEEK, FIELDING BRADFORD.
1864. Check list of the invertebrate fossils of North America. Cretaceous
and Jurassic. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 7, no. 177, 40 pp.
MorToN, SAMUEL G., i) VANUXEM and MorTOoN.
1829. Observations on the geology and organic remains of the Secondary,
Tertiary, and Alluvial formations of the Atlantic Coast of the
United States of America. Philadelphia. Extract from Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, pp. 120-129.
Contains a notice of some fossils recently discovered in New
Jersey. On page 62 the author records the occurrence of frag-
ments of Hschara, Flustra, and Retepora from the pits on Big
Timber Creek, N.J.
Morton, SAMUEL G.
1880. Synopsis of the organic remains of the ferruginous sand pits of the
United States. Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, ser. 1, vol. 17, pp.
274-295.
On page 288 the author notes the occurrence of fragments of
Eschara, Flustra, and Retepora from Gloucester County, N.J.
177635—33——2
12 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Morton, SAMUEL G.—Continued
1834. Synopsis of the organic remains of the Cretaceous group of the United
States, pp. 88-96, 19 plates. Philadelphia.
The Bryozoa described are Hschara digitata, new species (=Cos-
cinopleura digitata) and Flustra sagena, new species (=Pliophloea
sagena), both from the Cretaceous of New Jersey.
ULricH, Epwarp Oscar, in ZITTEL.
1896. Textbook of paleontology, ed. 1. Translated and edited by Charles R.
Eastman, fig. 451.
Filifascigera megaera Lonsdale, 1845.
1913. Textbook of paleontology, ed. 2.
Filifascigera megaera Lonsdale, 1845.
UxricH, EpwARD OSCAR.
1901. Maryland geological survey, Eocene, vol. 1, pp. 205-222, pls. 49, 50.
Describes fauna from the Aquia Formation, Upper Marlboro, Md.,
containing the following Vincentown species: Discosparsa varians,
new species (=—Plagioecia varians); Fascipora subramosa, new
species (=—Diaperoecia americana) ; Reticulipora dichotoma Gabb
and Horn, 1862 (=—Lekythionia dichotoma) ; Reptoflustrella hetero-
pora Gabb and Horn, 1862 (—Ellisinidra heteropora) ; Biflustra
torta Gabb and Horn, 1862 (—LHwritina torta) ; Hschara (?) digitata
Morton, 1884 (=Coscinopleura digitata) ; Lepralia subplana, new
species (—Hippaliosina aspera).
ULRICH, EDWARD Oscar, and BASSLER, RAY SMITH.
1907. Bryozoa; in Weller, Geological Survey of New Jersey, Paleontology,
vol. 4 (Cretaceous faunas), pp. 307-856, pls. 20-26.
Describes the previously known species of Cyclostomata and
Cheilostomata of the Vincentown limesand and in addition the
following new species: Stomatopora kiimmelli, new species; S.
temnichorda, new species (—Hippothoa tenuichorda) ; Berenicea
americana, new species (=Plagioecia americana) ; Bisidmonea gab-
biana, new species (=—Stathmepora gabbiana) ; Crisina striatopora
Ulrich, 1904 (identified by error in Vincentown limesand) ; Fili-
sparsa bifurcata, new species (=Oncousoecia bifurcata) ; Dis-
cocytis eccentrica, new species; Membranipora annuloidea, new
species (=Allantopora annuloidea); M. nematoporoides, new
species (=Crassimarginatella nematoporoides); M. jerseyensis,
new species (=Callopora jerseyensis) ; Porina coronata Reuss
(?) (=Beisselina lonsdalei) ; Hscharinella altimuralis, new species
(=Cranosina altimuralis) ; Micropora cylindracea, new species;
M. pulchra, new species; M. vincentownensis, new species (=Mono-
porella vincentownensis) ; M. sparsiporosa, new species (=Diplo-
tresis sparsiporosa).
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS
Order CHEILOSTOMATA Busk
Suborder ANASCA Levinsen
Family BIFLUSTRIDAE Smitt, 1872
Genus MEMBRANIPORA Blainville, 1830
MEMBRANIPORA NELLIOIDES, new species
PLATE 1, FIGURES 2, 3
Description.—The zoarium is articulated; the segments are small,
quadriserial. The zooecia are distinct, much elongated, separated
by a deep furrow, elliptical and provided with a proximal gymno-
cyst. The mural rim is quite thin at the top and much enlarged
at the base. The gymnocyst is covered by two avicularian chambers
symmetrically arranged; the avicularia, thus arranged in longi-
tudinal rows, are very salient, funnel-shaped, supplied with a pivot,
and their beak is oblique and slightly rounded at the extremity.
Measurements.s—
Opesium fo 70-4 mm, Zooecium Hae at mare
/o=0.15 mm. lz=0.25 mm.
A ffinities—The structure of this species is identical with that of
Membranipora lusoria Waters, 1881, from the Miocene of Australia,
which has not been rediscovered. Since we have only two specimens
of Membranipora nellioides, it is impossible to classify the species
more definitely. It is possible that these two species belong to the
genus Wellia Busk, 1852.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand : Vincentown, N.J. (very rare).
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73859.
Genus VINCULARIA Defrance, 1829
VINCULARIA ACUTIROSTRIS, new species
PLATE 1, FIGuRE 1
Description—The zoarium is free, vincular in form, pentagonal,
articulated. The zooecia are elongated, oval, arranged in longi-
tudinal series; the mural rim is thin, little salient; the proximal
eryptocyst is small, concave, smooth. The outer opesium is large
*In the citation of measurements, ho is the length and lo the width of the opesia,
Lz and lz similarly the length and width of the zooecia, Lv and Ww the same for the
vibraculum, Lon and lon for the onychocellaria, ha and la for the apertura, etc.
13
14 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
and of the same form as the zooecium; the inner opesium is small,
elliptical, elongated, visible above the cryptocyst; the latter is sur-
mounted by a broad distal shelf, perforated by two large septulae.
The avicularia are interzooecial, lozenge-shaped with a sharply
pointed beak; they are also arranged in longitudinal rows.
Measurements.—
f ila Beha mm. : ae mm.
Inner opesium Zooecia
lo=0.08 mm. /z=0.38 mm.
Structure—The structure with double opesia characterizes the
family of the Synaptacellidae Maplestone, 1911, but it is also visible
in some species of the Scrupocellariidae Levinsen, 1909. It can be
observed in the following species:
Heterocella (*) pentagona Canu and Bassler, 1929, from the
Philippines, which has no avicularia. Vincularia grama Brydone,
1930, from the English Senonian has two to four septulae on the
distal broad shelf, no avicularia, and an endozooecial ovicell.
Membranipora cingulata Levinsen, 1925, of the European Danian
has an identical zooecial structure, but here the ovicell is also
unknown.
Scrupocellaria ferox Busk, 1852, as figured by Canu and Bassler,
1929, is a recent species presenting all the characters of the genus
Scrupocellaria.
Actually, then, there is no genus for the reception of this small
species. The rarity of specimens prevents us from making the sec-
tions necessary to determine its structure.
A similar broad distal shelf, but not perforated by the septulae,
is observable in /’schara erina D’Orbigny, 1852, from the French
Senonian and in the recent species Caberea brevigaleata Canu and
Bassler, 1929, from the Philippines, Canda arachnoides Lamouroux,
1816, and Scrupocellaria scrupea Busk, 1848.
Very probably the genus Synaptacella Maplestone, 1911, would
therefore be more correctly placed in the Scrupocellariidae. The
fossil species cited, Vineularia grama, Vincularia acutirostris, and
E'schara erina would be the Cretaceous ancestors of this family.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Vincentown, N.J. (very rare).
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73858.
Family HINCKSINIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1927
Genus APLOUSINA Canu and Bassler, 1927
APLOUSINA CONTUMAX, new species
PLATE 1, FicurEsS 4-7
Description—The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells and of
Coscinopleura. The dorsal is a very thin pellicle covering only the
smallest perforations of the substratum. The zooecia are large, ir-
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 15
regularly hexagonal, separated by a furrow; the mural rim is thin,
convex, regular; the opesium is large and of the same form as the
zooecium. There is a large distal septula. The ovicell is very small
and endozooecial. The ancestrula is elliptical, elongated, with a
large calcified cryptocyst; its opesium is terminal semielliptical.
Frequently there are irregular zooecia. Gemmation is little regular.
Measurements. —
ho=0.55-0.65 mm.
lo=0.4 mm.
10 zooecia in 4 square mm.
Affinities —This fine species presents some remarkable characters—
the large distal septula, the dorsal pellicle very thin or absent,
and the irregular gemmation. These characters are found also in
Membranipora fulgora Brydone, 1916, from the English Senonian,
but here the ovicell is not known and there are large interzooecial
avicularia.
There are 6 ancestrular cells, one of which is incomplete. The
irregular cells, quite variable in size, appear to be accessory cells
necessitated by the irregularity of the ordinary gemmation on the
very uneven substratum. Regenerated cells occur.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Vincentown and near Black-
woodstown, N.J. (rare).
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. Nos. 73861, 73862.
APLOUSINA DISJUNCTA Gabb and Horn, 1862
Lze=0.7-0.85 mm.
Opesium /z=0.6 mm.
Zooecia|
PLATE 2, FIGURES 1-6
1862. Biflustra disjuncta Gass and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 162, pl. 20, fig. 50.
1907. Biflustra disjuncta UtricH and BaAssterR, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 333, pl. 238, fig. 18 (bibliography).
Description—The zoarium is bifoliate, compressed, of dichoto-
mous fronds; the two lamellae back to back are adherent or separa-
ble. The zooecia are robust, separated by a little salient thread,
elongate-hexagonal in outline, growing in longitudinal series and ar-
ranged in quincunx; the cryptocyst is convex, very finely granular
and encircles the opesium laterally; the intercellular calcification,
often incomplete, occasions a partial or total disjunction. The zoo-
ecial walls are independent, of each other and bear two small
uniporous septulae. The opesium is large, terminal elliptical, elon-
gated, somewhat variable in form. The ovicell is endozooecial, very
little convex and covers simply the distal portion of the opesium.
There are regenerated zooecia.
Measurements.—
@eetin ho=0.65 mm. gee Lz=0.85 mm.
P lo=0.35 mm. lz=0.55 mm.
16 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Variations —The zooecial and opesial variations are great, but the
micrometric measurements vary little from those given above, which
have been taken on the larger cells.
The phenomenon of the partial cellular disjunction is quite charac-
teristic. Not only is it apparent on the frontal in the interruption
of calcification, but it shows still better on the dorsal of the separable
lamellae. It has its origin in the independence of the walls of each
zooecium, which are never intimately united to those of adjacent
7ooecia.
The gemmation is very regular; the new series arises by the simple
division into two of a distal zooecium.
The regenerated zooecia have a very thick inner mural rim and the
new opesium is much smaller than the old one. They are often
primoserial.
The cellular disjunction is not apparent on all the fronds, in which
case the general aspect is very artistic and regular.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Vincentown (common) and
near Blackwoodstown (rare), N.J.
Plesiotypes.—U.S.N.M. Nos. 73863, 73864.
Family ALDERINIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1927
CRANOSINA,’ new genus
The ovicell is endozooecial. A setiform transverse avicularium
surmounts each zooecium. The dietellae are extremely conspicuous
and about four in the distal half of the lateral wall, their openings
to the zooecia often large.
Genotype.—Cranosina (Membranipora) coronata Hincks, 1881.
Range.—Cretaceous (Senonian) to Recent (Equatorial zone).
The known species of this genus are as follows:
C. (Membranipora) coronata Hincks, 1881_-----~- Recent (Equatorial zone).
C. (Ellisina) philippinensis Canu and Bassler, 1929_--- Recent (Philippines).
C. (Ellisina) lata Canu and Bassler, 1920__--------_-_- Hocene (Jacksonian).
C. (ELllisina) brevis Canu and Bassler, 1920_----------~~ Eocene (Jacksonian).
C. (Escharinella) altimuralis Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
Cretaceous (Vincentown).
C. (Membranipora) alumensis Brydone, 1929__------ Cretaceous (Senonian).
History——In 1903 Norman created the genus H7isina based on
characters of secondary or debatable value. He gave a list of species,
which deceived Canu and Bassler in 1920, Harmer in 1926, and
Voigt in 1930. In 1929 in our Philippine monograph (p. 105), we
wrote, after the justified criticism of Harmer: “ We could separate
a special group having an endozooecial ovicell and a vibraculoid
6 From xpavos, crest, in allusion to the place of the avicularia.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND iz
(setiform) distal avicularium * * * for which we might pro-
pose a special genus, clearly equatorial * * *.”
The type of the genus Lilisina is Membranipora levata Hincks,
1882,° in which the ovicell is hyperstomial and closed by the oper-
culum. The coronata group is not then the levata group in spite of
exterior appearances.
Affinities —Cranosina differs from Hllisina Norman, 1908, in the
presence of an endozooecial ovicell. It differs from Setosellina Cal-
vet, 1907, in the occurrence of a distal, transverse avicularium and
not a longitudinal vibraculum. In the list of Cretaceous /llisina
given by Voigt, 1930, all three genera appear to be represented.
CRANOSINA ALTIMURALIS Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 2, Figures 7, 8
1907. Escharinella altimuralis UtricH and Basster, in Weller, Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 339, pl. 24, figs. 9, 10.
Description —The zoarium encrusts the debris of shells and Bry-
ozoa; the dorsal is a very thin pellicle incompletely covering the
substratum. The zooecia are adjacent, not separated, subrhomboidal
in outline with very thin walls; the opesium is of the same form as
the zooecium. ‘There are four pairs of small septulae widely opened.
The ovicell is endozooecial, small, and convex and covers the two
distal septulae. Each zooecium is surmounted by a small triangular
avicularium, oblique, oriented a little upward, symmetrical, with two
denticles for pivot; its surface, oriented toward the proximal zooe-
cium, is oblique to the plane of the latter; the beak is pointed and
very salient.
Measurements —
Zooecium slit ane stick 20 or 21 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations —The micrometric variations are very great, for on the
same colony the zooecia range from 0.5 to 0.75 mm in length and
from 0.25 to 0.6 mm in width. The irregularities of the substratum
often give to the cells a most fantastic aspect.
Occasionally the ovicell is surmounted by an avicularium, which
covers it with a secondary calcification.
We have observed the phenomenon of a double ancestrula, but we
have not seen regenerated zooecia.
Oceurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very common at Vincen-
town, N.J., but rare at Noxontown Millpond and near Odessa, Del.
Holotype and plesiotype.—U.S.N.M. Nos. 52594, 73866.
® Miss Hastings, in 1930, published a good study of Hllisina levata: Cheilostomatous
Polyzoa from the vicinity of the Panama Canal. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1929, p. 713,
pls; aes 36; 3s
18 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Genus MEMBRANIPORIDRA Canu and Bassler, 1917
MEMBRANIPORIDRA PERAMPLA Gabb and Horn, 1862
Puiate 3, Ficurss 1, 2
1862. Membranipora perampla GAsB and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 158, pl. 20, fig. 42.
1907. Membranipora perampla UtricH and Basster, in Weller, Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 837, pl. 24, fig. 4 (bibliography).
Description—The zoarium is encrusting, growing upon other
Bryozoa and upon shells. The zooecia are distinct, large, separated
by a furrow, hexagonal in outline, arranged in quincunx; the mural
rim jis thick, more or less enlarged at the base; the opesium is wide,
elliptical or sometimes nearly circular in outline. The ovicell is
hyperstomial, buried in the distal zooecium, convex, smooth.
Measurements.—
ho=0.47-0.54 mm. Bhat Lz=0.66-0.72 mm{¥].|
lo=0.36 mm. lz=0.47-0.54 mm.
Variations —Gabb and Horn found only a single specimen of their
species, exhibiting the enlarged cells of undoubtedly a large colony.
As similar cells can be frequently observed on the specimens studied
by Ulrich and Bassler, it was with good reason that they selected
them as representing the species of the older authors.
As in all the Membranipores, the variations in form and in dimen-
sions are very great. The proximal portion of the mural rim, becom-
ing much enlarged, is transformed into a true cryptocyst and gives
to the cells a very different aspect, but precisely that figured by
Gabb and Horn.
In appearance the ovicell seems to be endozooecial, but with dis-
section the distal portion of the mural rim is visible although
attenuated, and the ovicell cicatrix surmounts it regularly. This
is the characteristic of Membraniporidra in which the hyperstomial
ovicell is closed by the operculum. On the fossils the distinction
between the two kinds of ovicells is often difficult to observe. Here
in inclining the preparation one sees clearly under the ovicell the
transverse slit through which the ovicelled cavity communicated
with the cell. Regenerated zooecia are not rare.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very common at Vincentown
but rare near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Plesiotypes.—U.S.N.M. Nos. 52603, 73865.
Opesium
ELLISINIDRA, new genus
The ovicell is hyperstomial and closed by the operculum. An
interzooecial avicularium, small, transverse, dependent, occurs above
each zooecium. Dietellae are present.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 19
Genotype.—Ellisinidra (Membranipora) levata Hincks, 1882 (not
Norman, 1903).
Range.—Cretaceous (Senonian), Recent.
Historical.—Miss Hastings, 1930, has shown that Membranipora
levata Norman, 1903, the genotype of Jlisina, is not the species of
Hincks, 1882. She gives two good figures of the two species and
shows the differences. In Norman’s specimens the avicularia are
adventitious, situated on the proximal gymnocyst. In £. levata
Hincks they are vicarious, though small, and connected with the
surrounding zooecia by pore chambers. Moreover, they depend abso-
lutely from the proximal zooecium, which they constantly crown.
We suppose then that they are necessary in the opening of the oper-
cular valve. As this function appears to us indispensable in the
life of the cell, we have made Hincks’ species the type of our new
genus Ellisinidra.
Membranipora laximaculata Levinsen, 1925, from the Senonian
of Riigen belongs to this genus. Likewise Amphiblestrum spicu-
losum Ulrich, 1901, from the lowest Eocene at Upper Marlboro,
Md., might be classed there, but it forms with Reptoflustrella heter-
opora Gabb and Horn, 1862, a group with cells bearing a cryptocyst.
ELLISINIDRA HETEROPORA Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 1, F1IcuRE 8
1862. Reptoflustrella heteropora Gasp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila-
delphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 12, pl. 20, fig. 50.
1907. Amphiblestrum heteropora UtricH and BaAsster, in Weller, Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 333 (bibliography).
1920. Amphiblestrum heteropora CANuU and Basster, U.S.Nat.Mus. Bull. 106,
p. 158, pl. 1, figs. 11-18.
Description—The zoarium encrusts shells and other Bryozoa,
principally fragments of Coscinopleura. The zooecia are distinct,
adjacent, elongated, oval, enlarged distally; the mural rim is salient,
thin; the cryptocyst is shallow, very little convex, slightly granu-
lated. The opesium is terminal, elongated, semielliptic with a prox-
imal border slightly concave. The ovicell is hyperstomial, embedded
in the distal zooecium, closed by the operculum, very convex, smooth.
The distal avicularium is small, triangular, transverse or oblique
with two small denticles for a pivot.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.54 mm. i ho=0.27-0.3 mm.
12=0.22-03 mm. OP!) 7,—9.18-0.95 mm.
28 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Zooecia
7™We employ whenever possible the termination idra for a genus that has a hyper-
stomial ovicell closed by the operculum and ina for that in which the ovicell is endo-
zoocecial,
20 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Variations—The micrometric measurements are variable, the
largest occurring on the marginal zooecia.
The ovicell appears under the microscope to be endozooecial, as
it hides the distal border of the mural rim, but by inclining the
preparation it is easy to see the latter attenuated and the orifice of
the ovicell placed above the distal septula. In a dissection, the
cicatrix left by the ovicell is quite visible on the distal cryptocyst.
The figured specimen contains two calcified cells.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Common at Vincentown, N.J.,
and at Noxontown Millpond and 2 miles southwest of Odessa, Del.
Geological distribution —Bryozoan beds at base of Aquia (Kocene),
Upper Marlboro, Md.
Plesiotypes.—U.S.N.M. Nos. 73872, 73873.
Genus ALDERINA Norman, 1903
ALDERINA RUSTICA D’Orbigny, 1852
PLATE 3, Ficures 3, 4
1852. Membranipora rustica D’OrpiaeNy, Paléontologie francaise, terrains
Crétacés, p. 558, pl. 729, figs. 21-22.
1900. Membranipora rustica CaNu, Bull. Soe. geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 28, p. 355.
Description—The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells and
Bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, elongated,
elliptical; the mural rim is very thin, regular, very finely granulated.
The opesium is of the same form as the zooecium. The ovicell is
hyperstomial, not closed by the operculum, globular, transverse, often
carinated longitudinally.
Measurements.—
ho=0.5 mm.
lo=0.3 mm.
22 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Affinities —The micrometric measurements remain within those
given by Canu, 1900, for Membranipora rustica D’Orbigny, 1852.
These are variable on the French species, but they appear more
regular here, although they are larger in specimens from Vin-
centown as given above and especially in the specimen from
Noxontown.
By inclining the preparation it is easy to verify that the mural
rim is complete under the ovicell, which cannot then be closed by
the operculum. Dissection confirms this observation. The dorsal
pellicle of the cells is very thin. As in the French specimens, the
ovicell frequently deforms the opesium of the distal zooecium.
Occurrence—Vincentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown and
near Blackwoodstown, N.J., and at Noxontown Millpond and 2
miles southwest of Odessa, Del.
Lz=0.6-0.7 mm.
Opesium| lz=0.3-0.35 mm.
Zooecin|
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND D1
Geological distribution—Maastrichtian (Dordonian): Royan,
France.
Plesiotype-—U.S.N.M. No. 73876.
ALDERINA WELLERI, new species
PLATE 4, FiacurEs 1, 2
Description—The zoarium encrusts the fragments of shells and
of Coscinopleura. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep
furrow, elongated, oval, sometimes with a small gymnocyst; the
mural rim is thin distally and much enlarged proximally. The
opesium is terminal, oval. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by
the operculum, globular, smooth. Very rarely a small interzooecial
avicularium appears. There are one large distal septula and two
pairs of lateral septulae.
Measurements —
Ordinary Zooecia Lz=0.5-0.55 mm. Opesim| 05-03 mm.
lz=0.35-0.45 mm. lo=0.25-0.3 mm.
Young zooecia {Zz=0.6-0.75 mm. Ons ho=0.4-0.5 mm.
(marginal) ees mm. pesinm| 790.3035 mm.
17-19 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations —The marginal zooecia are larger and their mural rim
is thinner. Their ovicells appear exteriorly to be closed by the
operculum but in inclining the preparation, one can see the mural
rim complete and not attenuated as in Alderina, which observation
is confirmed by dissection. The small very sporadic interzooecial
zooeciules' are probably avicularia. Regenerated zooecia are not
rare.
We have dedicated this species to the late Dr. Stuart Weller in
appreciation of his work upon the Cretaceous faunas of New Jersey.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown, N.J.,
and Noxontown Millpond, Del.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73875.
Genus STAMENOCELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917
STAMENOCELLA OCULATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 3, Figures 5-9; PLATE 15, FIGURE 9
1862. Flustrella cylindrica Gass and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 161, fig. 49.
1907. Planicellaria oculata UtricH and Basser, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 388, pl. 24, figs. 6, 7 (mot D’Orbigny, 1852).
Description —The zoarium is free, radicelled, flabellate formed of
two lamellae placed back to back and inseparable, articulated, at-
tached to a chitinous stolon. There are 4 kinds of zooecia as
22 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
follows: (1) Zooecia of articulation, the 2 large cells at the base of
the segment. These are convex and their opesium is large, ellipti-
cal elongated. (2) Radicular zooecia, cells of the base of the seg-
ment; they are calcified, convex, perforated in the middle by a
round or elliptical orifice. (3) Normal zooecia, distinct, very long,
enlarged distally. The mural rim is thin and rounded; the gym-
nocyst is very narrow and bears an avicularium; the opesium is
terminal, large, oval. (4) Regenerated zooecia, cells with a double
mural rim and a small median opesium. The avicularium is tri-
angular, with pivot, salient, oblique to the zooecial plane.
Measurements.—
pail (Lz=0.8 mm. Opecium ho=0.4 mm.
|de=0.25 mm. fo=0.14 mm.
Structure.—The zoarium is always flabellate; it begins with 1 cell
and ends with 5 or 6; the cells grow in size from the base to the
top. The first cell is attached either to a stolon or to another
segment by a horny or chitinous joint.
The two premier zooecia at the base of each segment are very
broad (0.8 mm); their gymnocyst does not bear an avicularium;
their opesium, almost circular, is not terminal, and its diameter
corresponds exactly to that of the base of the segments. We can
therefore suppose that these are cells of ramification and that their
opesium serves only for the passage of the chitinous joints binding
the two segments, as in Cedlaria and Tubucellaria. Ramification
occurs, then, only at the base of the segment and never at its summit.
The extremity of the branches terminates on a basal lamella, as in
all the other Membranipores. The articulation is therefore totally
different from that of the other jointed species. The zoarium can
increase in width but not in length. It does not then fear engulfing,
which makes us believe that the initial stolon arising from the
ancestrula must have crept on some floating alga.
These two initial cells give rise to the radicular cells. They
develop at first as ordinary cells, for a trace of the operculum
remains visible, but later they become calcified, and their opesium
then allows only radicular fibers to pass. They are numerous and
grouped at the base of the segment but they appear sporadically
higher up among the normal cells. Small avicularia always exist
on this kind of cell, but we do not know whether their function
continues after the transformation of the normal cell into the
radicular one.
We have observed zoarial fragments composed only of radicular
cells, which causes us to believe that the radicells serve also to bind
the segments together, as in the genus Canda, to give greater co-
hesion and more resistance to the bushy colony.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 23
The normal zooecia appear only at the summit of the fronds.
Their number is always less than that of the radicular zooecia. They
increase also from the base to the top, where they attain the dimen-
sions which we have given above and which are the largest that have
been observed.
The regenerated zooecia are not rare; but as they appear chiefly in
the intermediate zone between the normal and the radicular ones,
we may suppose that they are in course of transformation to radicular
cells.
The avicularia remain small on the zooecia of the two lamellae, but
they are much developed and become large and salient on the lateral
zooecia; that is, on the zoarial margins, thus giving to the fronds
a very characteristic denticulated aspect, especially in the distal
zone of the normal zooecia. The ovicell is unknown.
Biology.—F or a long time it was difficult to interpret the curious
structure of these small fossils, but with increasing knowledge of
recent forms it is easy now to restore them in the imagination. They
were small bushes erect and attached in more or less numbers to a
chitinous stolon creeping over floating algae and living at some
distance from the bottom of the sea. They could increase in width
but not in height beyond a centimeter. We find therefore at this
period biologic structures very close to those observed in the Recent
seas. Also we find apparently justified our observations made in
1920 comparing the genus Stamenocella with the recent genus Bugu-
laria Levinsen, 1909.
Affinities—This species is not a Planiceliaria, for D’Orbigny’s
genus is biserial, articulated at the top of the segments and not at
the base, and the avicularia are exclusively lateral. The cellular
structure is here indeed that of Stamenocella Canu and Bassler,
1920, the remarkable and very homogeneous genus that Voigt in
1930 has interpreted so well. The genus at present contains 2 species
from the Senonian, 2 from the Maastrichtian and 2 from the Danian
of Europe, 1 from the Vincentown marl of New Jersey, 1 from the
Eocene (Aquia) of Maryland, 1 from the Midwayan, 5 from the
Jacksonian, and 4 from the Oligocene (Vicksburgian) of the South-
ern States. In all, the colonies are free.
Flustrella cylindrica Gabb and Horn has not been reidentified in
recent collections, but judged from the original illustration (see pl.
15, fig. 9) it may be the same as the present species.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Common at Vincentown but
rare near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Cotype and plesiotype—U.S.N.M. Nos. 52612, 78874.
24 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Genus ALLANTOPORA Lang, 1914
ALLANTOPORA IRREGULARIS Gabb and Horn, 1860
PLATE 4, FIGURE 6
1860. Hippothoa irregularis GAsB and Horn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, vol. 12, p. 366.
1907. Pyripora irregularis ULRIcH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 337, pl. 24, fig. 5 (bibliography).
1914. Allantopora irregularis LANG, Geol. Mag., ser. 6, vol. 1, p. 437, pl. 34, fig. 1
(bibliography ).
Description—The zoarium encrusts other Bryozoa (Coscinopleura,
Pliophloea, etc.) and is uniserial, ramified. The zooecia are robust
pyriform, large; the gymnocyst is strongly convex, smooth, very
narrow posteriorly; the termen is thick and bears minute granules
and four or five pairs of large hollow spines. The opesium is broad,
subelliptical in outline, situated anteriorly. The ovicell is hyper-
stomial, not closed by the operculum, globular, smooth.
Measurements.—
men ‘Lz=0.8-0.9 mm. Ope ho=0.4-0.45 mm.
lz =0.4-06 mm. lo =0.22-0.25 mm.
Structure.—This pretty species was chosen by Lang in 1914 as the
type of his genus Allantopora. The description he gave is incom-
plete, for he did not describe the ovicell. It is hyperstomial; its
orifice cannot be closed by the opercular valve.
Two recent species of this genus have been discovered in the
equatorial zone. One of these, Allantopora translucens Harmer,
1926, bears long articulated spines, so that we are correct in inter-
preting as hollow spines the minute cicatrices that occur on the
termen. Their presence is possibly not a generic character. Har-
mer’s species, which is from Malaysia, was dredged between 75 and
94 meters. Allantopora curta Canu and Bassler, 1929, from the
Philippines occurred at two localities, at depths of 176 meters and
386 meters. The genus appears to be one of deep water. To judge
from these, the Vincentown marl fossils may then have been de-
posited at a depth of 90 meters at least, with a temperature perhaps
of about 20° C. We have observed regenerated zooecia. Besides
the above, other representatives of the genus are Allantopora sto-
matoporoides Lang, 1914 (Danian), A. senoniensis Voigt, 1930
(Senonian), and in addition some multiserial species.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek and Mullica
Hill, N.J. (Gabb and Horn); somewhat rare at Vincentown and
near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Plesiotypes—U.S.N.M. Nos. 52615, 73860.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 25
ALLANTOPORA ANNULOIDEA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 4, FI@uRES 3-5
1907. Membranipora annuloidea ULaicH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 335, pl. 28, fig. 18.
Description—The zoarium encrusts the debris of shells and
ramose Bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep
furrow, somewhat elongated, pyriform; the gymnocyst is short,
smooth, convex, thick, more or less narrowed in the proximal por-
tion. The termen is thick, rounded, finely granular, and bears five
pairs of large hollow spines. The opesium is anterior, elongated,
elliptical, or oval. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the
operculum, globular, smooth. ‘The ancestrula is a small ordinary
zooecium.
Measurements.—
ees Lz=0.55—0.65 mm. @pecan ho=0.3-0.35 mm.
lz=0.4—0.45 mm. lo=0.2-0.25 mm.
16 or 17 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure—The zooecial structure of this species is exactly that
of Allantopora irregularis Gabb and Horn, 1860, the same form,
same gymnocyst, same spines, and same ovicell. The single dif-
ference is in the nature of the zoarium, which is multiserial and
not uniserial. It is difficult to see in this shght difference a generic
character. Almost all the recent uniserial species sometimes exhibit
multiserial zoaria. The cells approaching each other become united
and form an ensemble exactly like the colonies of other multiserial
species. Dietellae, however, are never present, which is exactly
the case here. Regenerated zooecia are abundant. There is often
an eleventh spine on the proximal border of the termen.
Affinities —We cannot class this species in Pyrulella Harmer,
1926, for in that genus the ovicell is closed by the opercular valve.
Callopora sexspinosa Canu and Bassler, 1920, from the Midwayan
of Alabama has an identical structure and should be placed in the
same genus.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Vincentown, N.J. (rare).
Holotype and plesiotype-—U.S.N.M. No. 52600.
Genus PERIPOROSELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917
PERIPOROSELLA(?) PLEBEIA Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 5, FIcuREs 1-3
1862. Membranipora plebeia Gass and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 158, pl. 20, fig. 48.
1907. Membranipora plebeia UtricH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 334, pl. 28, fig. 17 (bibliography).
26 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Description.—The zoarium is encrusting, growing upon shells,
echinoids, and other Bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, separated
by a deep furrow, very elongated, oval, generally enlarged at the
base; the mural rim is thin, rounded, with six pairs of hollow spines;
the opesium is large, entire, of the same form as the zooecium. ‘There
are a distal septula and six lateral pairs opened widely at the bottom
of the zooecium. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the oper-
culum, small, globular, smooth. Above each zooecium there is an
interzooecial avicularium arranged longitudinally, with its beak
somewhat enlarged and oriented toward the base. The orifice is
symmetrical and slightly narrowed toward the middle.
Measurements.—
Face Lz=0.48-0.57 mm. (pedi jho=0.39-0.43 mm.
/z=0.27-0.3 mm. \7o=0.18-0.21 mm.
25-28 zooecia is 4 sq. mm.
Variations——The micrometric measurements vary from one zoar-
ium to another; the largest figures that we give above appear to be
the maximum. Rather rarely there is a very small gymnocyst below
the opesium. Elliptical and nonpyriform cells are not rare. We
have often observed regenerated zooecia.
The ordinary avicularia appear to be oriented toward the aperture
of the proximal zooecium. On the contrary, the avicularia with gym-
nocyst and transformed into zooeciules always have their beak
oriented distally.
The ovicells replace the avicularia. The latter are quite constant,
and their position is always the same except when the irregular-
ities of the substratum disarrange the gemmation. When they are
absent between the nonovicelled zooecia, it is always easy to dis-
cover them on the interior of the distal zooecium. We have many
times observed this curious phenomenon both on the fossil forms and
on Recent specimens. It is inexplicable.
Gabb and Horn’s figure, lacking the areal spines, is incomplete, but
the interpretation of Ulrich and Bassler, 1907, is correct, all the other
characters being identical. We are not certain that our generic
reference is exactly correct. Membranipora humiliata Brydone, 1910,
and M. anterides Brydone, 1910, both from the English Senonian,
have an analogous structure.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Mullica Hill (Gabb and
Horn), Vincentown and near Blackwoodstown, N.J. (common) ;
Noxontown Millpond, Del.
Plesiotypes.—U.S.N.M. Nos. 73869-73871.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 27.
Genus CRASSIMARGINATELLA Canu, 1900
CRASSIMARGINATELLA INTERMEDIA, new species
PLATE 5, Ficures 4-7
Description—The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells and free
Bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow,
elliptical, elongated; the mural rim is thin distally and somewhat
enlarged at the base; it is salient, flat interiorly, and finely granu-
lated. The opesium is large, entire, of the same form as the zooe-
cium, finely crenulated. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by
the operculum, globular, transverse, smooth, carinated, embedded
in the distal zooecium. The interzooecial avicularium is large,
sporadic, provided with a gymnocyst, primoserial, pyriform, ter-
minating in the form of the beak of a duck; its opesium is large
median, elliptical. The ancestrula is a small ordinary zooecium.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.54-0.66 mm. : ho=0.39-0.48 mm.
12=0236-0.41 mm. OP) 7, -0.93-0.37 mm.
24-98 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations——The zooecia increase in size according to their dis-
tance from the ancestrula; our first measurements are those of the
average zooecia, the second of the marginal ones.
The ovicells are quite typical; their orifice placed above the mural
rim is easily visible on inclining the preparation slightly. When
the proximal border of the ovicell covers the distal border of the
mural rim, the observer may hesitate, but on dissection one can
note that the distal border is neither attenuated nor deformed and
that the opercular valve supported on it does not close the ovicell.
The presence of the longitudinal carina is not constant.
Regenerated zooecia are abundant. Our figures present almost
all the possible cases of total regeneration, notably: (1) An ordi-
nary zooecium regenerated by an ordinary zooecium; (2) an ordi-
nary zooecium regenerated by an ovicelled zooecium ; (3) an ovicelled
zooecium regenerated by an ordinary zooecium; and (4) an inter-
zooecial avicularium regenerated by an ordinary zooecium. We
have figured a case of cellular inversion appearing without any
apparent reason.
The interzooecial avicularia are almost always primoserial, al-
though they rarely appear in a longitudinal series already formed.
They also serve as cells to fill in empty spaces in cases of irregu-
larity in the gemmation. Their number on a given surface is very
variable. They are indeed organs of adaptation whose presence is
regulated only by the necessity of the moment. Their dimensions are
variable and in harmony with those of adjacent zooecia.
177635—33——
Zooecium |
28 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Affinities. —Crassimarginatella and Valdemunitella were created by
Canu in 1900 as artificial subgenera in order to facilitate the determi-
nation of the Cretaceous Membranipores. The senior author feels
that Norman, 1905, Harmer, 1926, and Hastings, 1930, have been
in error in describing them as natural genera and that such interpre-
tations should never be permitted by the rules of nomenclature.
Membranipora valdemunita Hincks, 1880, and M. crassimarginata
Hincks, 1880, having different ovicells, should not remain in the
same genus Oochilina, created for them by Norman in 1903. The
form of the avicularia cannot be considered as a generic character,
because they are inconstant and are organs of adaptation. Thus
Crassimarginatella intermedia, the present species studied, has ovi-
cells as in Crassimarginatella and avicularia as in Valdemunitella.
In establishing new genera we cannot hold only that the simple
presence of the avicularia indicates a function indispensable to the
colony. It is necessary then to redefine these genera as follows:
Crassimarginatella: Ovicell hyperstomial, not closed by the oper-
culum. Interzooecial avicularia sporadic.
Valdemunitella: Ovicell hyperstomial, closed by the operculum.
Interzooecial avicularia sporadic.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Common at Vincentown and
near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73867.
CRASSIMARGINATELLA NEMATOPOROIDES Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 6, F1cuREs 1, 2
1907. Membranipora nematoporoides UtricH and Basster, in Weller, Geol.
Surv, New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 336, pl. 24, fig. 13.
Description—The zoarium consists of narrow, subquadrangular
or subcylindrical, dichotomous branches 0.6 to 0.7 mm in diameter,
which are celluliferous on all sides, the zooecia being arranged in
from 4 to 6 longitudinal rows. The zooecia are distinct, much elon-
gated, oval; the proximal gymnocyst is convex, smooth, occupying
about a quarter of the zooecial length; the mural rim is thick, ellip-
tical, salient and bears 5 or 6 pairs of tubercles and some minute
distal spines. The opesium is elliptical, regular, elongated, terminal.
The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the operculum. The inter-
zooecial avicularium is beaklike, with a pivot; it is formed of two
portions, the proximal portion, a small ordinary cell and the distal
portion bearing a very salient unguiculate beak perpendicular to the
zooecial plane.
Measurements.—
Teun ener mm. Open ho=0.3—0.385 mm.
i) te—O2o 0.3, man. le==0. 15 0.1( anim:
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 29
Affinities—It is difficult to class this species generically. Its re-
markable avicularium is unique and characterizes it excellently. In
spite of our views in the past, our new studies on the recent species
no longer permit us to give too great importance to the avicularia in
the general classification.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Vincentown, N.J. (rare).
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 52602.
Genus CALLOPORA Gray, 1848
CALLOPORA JERSEYENSIS Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 6, F1curES 7-10
1907. Membranipora jerseyensis ULRICH and BAsster, in Weller, Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 336, pl. 24, fig. 3.
Description—The zoarium is free, bifoliate, with broad fronds,
flat or undulated. The zooecia are distinct, separated by the in-
teropesial avicularian chambers, elongated, elliptical; the mural
rim, visible only on the young zooecia, is thin, salient. The opesium
is deep, elongated, elliptical. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed
by the operculum, convex, smooth, marginated on its free proximal
border. There are four pairs of avicularia usually around each
opesium; they are adjacent to one another, elliptical with a pivot,
diversely oriented.
Measurements.—
Z . {Lz=0. 6-0. 9 mm. - ho=0. 42-0. 5 mm.
ooecla ) 7, =0, 35-0. 45 mm. lo=0.25-0.3 mm.
14 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure—This beautiful species is well characterized by its
interopesial avicularia. They form a calcareous layer or epicalcifi-
cation between the zooecial mural rims, which are quite separated
from one another, as can be verified in the young zooecia. They
are grouped principally around the opercular valve (that is, the
distal part of the opesium) to the number of 4; 2 belong to the
proximal zooecium and 2 to the distal zooecium. But the gemma-
tion, often irregular, disarranges this order, and then each opesium
appears simply surrounded by 8 avicularian chambers adjacent but
distinct and separated by a shallow furrow. These adventitious
avicularia are quite large, but even on well-preserved specimens it
is hardly possible to observe their orientation because of their sym-
metry. If we suppose that their smaller orifice is placed at the
slightly narrowed end, most of them are oriented toward the base
(downward). In tangential sections they are seen to be interopesial.
The primoserial avicularia are transverse.
This intense epicalcification is a perfectioning of the pores of
calcification observed in the genus Craspedopora Canu and Bassler,
30 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
1929 (Eocene, Miocene), and Codlarina Jullien, 1888 (Eocene). The
simple pores have here become complete and very active avicularia.
It is impossible to obtain a transparent thin section of this
species, as the calcareous elements in it are absolutely opaque. In
transverse sections the median lamella is simple and the two zoarial
lamellae are inseparable.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Vincentown, N. J. (not com-
mon).
Holotype and plesiotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 52661.
CALLOPORA NOXONTOWNENSIS, new species
PLATE 6, FIGURES 5, 6
Description—The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells. The
zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, oval,
with a proximal gymnocyst covered by 1 or 2 avicularia; the mural
rim is thick, enlarged at the base, decorated with 4 hollow apertural
spines and granular. The opesium is oval, finely crenulated. The
ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the operculum, globular,
smooth. The avicularia are triangular, unoriented, oblique on the
zooecial plane; the beak is pointed, very salient.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.5-0.55 mm. Our ho=0.27 mm.
lz=0.25-0.27 mm. Pesta) 76 =0.12-0.15 mm.
28 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations —When the zooecia are not ovicelled there is generally
but a single avicularium. It develops into two small avicularia above
the ovicell.
The special characteristic of this species lies in its 4 hollow spines.
The 2 distal spines are not placed on the mural rim but are always
adjacent to it; the other 2 are on the mural rim but a little lower
down, probably in the neighborhood of the articulation of the
opercular valve; on the fertile zooecia they are adjacent to the ovi-
cell; often one of them appears lacking, but on the fossils these small
details disappear easily.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Noxontown Millpond, Del.
(very rare).
Holotype——vU.S.N.M. No. 73882.
Zooecia
Genus AMPHIBLESTRUM Gray, 1848
AMPHIBLESTRUM (?) ABORTIVUM Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 7, FIGURES 2-8
1862. Flustrella capistrata Gasp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 161, pl. 20, fig. 48.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 3l
1862. Membranipora abortiva Gass and Horn, Ibid., p. 157, pl. 20, fig. 41.
1907. Flustrella capistrata ULricH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 329, pl. 22, figs. 5, 6 (bibliography).
Description—In Membranipora abortiva Gabb and Horn, the
zoarium encrusts fragments of shells and other Bryozoa. The
zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical,
with a short convex gymnocyst; the mural rim is salient, thin,
smooth, bearing 1 or 2 pairs of spines; the cryptocyst is shallow,
short, concave, enlarged at the base. The opesium is elongated, pyri-
form. The ovicell is hyperstomial, never closed by the operculum,
globular, smooth or decorated with two crescents arranged sym-
metrically. There is an auriform vibraculum (?) in each angle of
junction of the zooecia. The ancestrula is a small ordinary zooecium.
The aborted zooecia are irregular, convex, smooth, deprived of mural
rim, perforated by a small median orifice.
Measurements.—
Zooecia Lz=0.3-0.4 mm. Onn ho=0.15—0.17 mm.
lz=0.2 mm. P /o=0.12-0.14 mm.
45 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure —This is a curious and complicated species, the biology
of which and the nature of the small intercellular organs are difficult
to interpret. We believe the latter are auriform vibracula, although
they have been interpreted previously as avicularia. The discovery
of specimens with perfect preservation could only solve the question.
Moreover, it would be only by the discovery of a basal side that we
could learn whether they are interzooecial. They are arranged
longitudinally, and their orifice is oblique with respect to the zoo-
ecial plane. Their presence is constant, and their absence occasions
the regeneration of adjacent zooecia.
Each new zooecial series begins always with a vibraculum, but
it is turned inversely to the adjacent vibracula. Because of the
slight zooecial length it is placed just above the normal vibraculum
dependent on the proximal zooecia and almost adjacent to the vibrac-
ulum of the distal zooecia. As a result each new zooecial series
appears to commence with a small chain of three or four vibracula.
In the ancestrular region, the zooecia are deprived of interzooecial
vibracula; those which form are always primoserial and conse-
quently they do not have the chain formation mentioned above.
The specific character is the presence of the peculiar aborted
cells. Without normal orifice they cannot contain a_polypide.
Without mural rim they have simply the aspect of calcareous vesi-
cles variable in dimension and form. They are sporadic or in
groups. They much interested Gabb and Horn, who described them
as follows:
po BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Between the cellules and without any regular arrangement, are placed, in
most colonies, a large number of abortive cellules, of the same shape as the
larger ones. In some colonies these abortive cells are full as numerous as the
normal ones, and only in a very few instances have we observed colonies to
be entirely without them. When the latter is the case, the normal cells are
much more regular in size and in arrangement.
The zooecia are very active, this activity manifesting itself in the
presence of numerous regenerated zooecia. But what is most extraor-
dinary is to note normal zooecia regenerated by aborted zooecia.
It is necessary then to conclude that the latter exercise an important
function on the zoarium. We cannot consider them as true aborted
zooecia but must believe them to be special cells with different func-
tion from that of the various kenozooecia that we know.
The structure of Membranipora abortiva is rather different from
that figured by Gabb and Horn, 1862, but by reading their text
attentively it can be shown that Ulrich and Bassler, 1907, were cor-
rect in their interpretation of the species.
A ffinities—In the nature of its ovicell, the presence of a crypto-
cyst, and the place of its avicularia, Membranipora abortiva ought
to be classed in Amphiblestrum. However, if the presence of vibrac-
ula is confirmed, it would be necessary to create a new genus.
The recent species closest to it is Antropora pustulata Canu and
Bassler, 1928, dredged in deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico, in
which the ovicell is also hyperstomial and which presents the same
kenozooecia (=aborted zooecia.) The fossil species differs, how-
ever, in the place and the nature of the avicularia, which are zooecial
and acuminate. This relative identity of exterior aspect seems to
confirm the suggestion made for another species that the Vincentown
marls may be deposits of relatively deep water.
The genus Antropora Norman, 1903, has for its genotype MZem-
branipora granulifera Hincks, 1880, from Madeira. Hincks did not
figure the ovicell, and Norman, 1903, did not mention it but compares
this genus with Amphiblestrum. Finally, Harmer refigured Hincks’
species with specimens from Malaysia, in which he discovered an
endozooecial ovicell and interzooecial (zoarial) avicularia. We be-
heve that Antropora still requires restudy.
Herpetopora anglica Lang, 1914, from the English Senonian and
Mystriopora mockleri Lang, 1915, from the English Cenomanian
present the same aborted zooecia. These are uniserial species.
Many fossil and recent Membranipora frequently have calcified
zooecia, which always replace ordinary zooecia. These must not be
confused with the aborted zooecia studied here, which have neither
regular form nor constant dimensions. Zoology is silent on the
anatomy and physiology of all these heteromorphic zooecia, and the
paleontologist cannot make useful comparisons.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 33
In Flustrella capistrata Gabb and Horn, the zoarium is free,
branching dichotomously, formed of 4 to 8 longitudinal rows of
zooecia, prismatic, claviform or compressed. The zooecia are dis-
tinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical; the mural
rim is salient, thin, smooth, without spines; the cryptocyst is shal-
low, short, concave, enlarged at the base. The opesium is elongated,
pyriform. The ovicell is hyperstomial, never closed by the opercu-
lum, globular, smooth. There is an auriform vibraculum(?) in each
angle of junction of the zooecia between them.
Lz=0.8-0.4 mm. . ho=0.15 mm.
lz=0.2 mm. Oe fo=0.1 mm.
The zooecial structure is practically identical with that of Amphi-
blestrum abortivum, even to the smallest detail. There are, how-
ever, some small differences that should be noted, namely, the ab-
sence of gymnocyst, of aborted zooecia, and of small crescents on the
ovicell, and opesium somewhat smaller. Ulrich and Bassler, 1907,
considered Flustrella capistrata as the free form of Amphiblestrum
abortivum, and the discovery of encrusting specimens with free ex-
pansions arising from them proves the identity of the two.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, near Mullica
Hill (Gabb and Horn); both the incrusting form and the free
branches are not uncommon at Vincentown and near Blackwoods-
town, N.J.
Plesiotypes.
Zooecia
U.S.N.M. Nos. 73880, 73881.
Genus EURITINA Canu, 1900
EURITINA TORTA Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 6, Ficures 3, 4
1862. Biflustra torta GApB and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 152, pl. 20, fig. 36.
1907. Biflustra torta UtricH and Basster, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New Jersey,
Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 331, pl. 23, figs. 11, 12 (bibliography).
1920. Huritina torta Canu and Basster, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 106, p. 257, pl. 5,
fig. 16 (bibliography).
Description—The zoarium is free, bilamellar, formed of undu-
lated fronds, narrow or wide. The zooecia are distinct, separated by
their adjacent mural rims, very elongated, subrectangular; the mural
rim is thin, salient; the cryptocyst is deep, smooth, oblique, with three
distinct faces; the opesium is terminal, elliptical, regular. The ony-
chocellaria are fusiform, acuminated distally, generally primoserial ;
the cryptocyst is shallow, flat, smooth. The ovicell is hyperstomial,
cucullate, semiglobular with proximal border fringed and carinated
longitudinally; the posterior margin of the domelike covering ex-
tends backward to the anterior margin of the zooecial aperture just
behind,
34 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Measurements.—
7 Le 0.540 mae Oneanis ho=0.29-0.32 mm.
occ!) 72—=0.97-0.36 mm. ~ > 1o=0.16-0.18 mm.
(pneneeeiiren ee 0.45 mm. Opesium aS 0.18 mm.
lon=0.27 mm. onychocellarium |/op=0.09 mm.
33 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure-—The distal border of the mural rim of the ovicelled
zooecia is attenuated; moreover, it is much covered over by the ovi-
cell; the opercular valve therefore closes the latter in opening and
remains in a position perpendicular to the zooecial plane. This is
a frequent case in the Membranipores, especially in Membranipora
valdemunita Hincks, 1880.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Timber Creek and near Mul-
lica Hill (Gabb and Horn), Vincentown and near Blackwoodstown,
N.J. (common). Aquia formation (Eocene): Upper Marlboro, Md.
(Ulrich and Bassler).
Plesiotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 52587.
Family OPESIULIDAE Jullien, 1888
Genus FLORIDINA Jullien, 1881
FLORIDINA SUBSCUTATA, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 1
Description.—The zoarium encrusts shell fragments. The zooecia
are distinct, more or less elongated, and sometimes transverse, small,
ogival; the mural rim is thin, little salient; the cryptocyst is shal-
low, slightly convex, smooth. The opesium is trifoliate, transverse,
with proximal border very convex; the opesiular indentations are
large and rounded. Onychocellaria present. Ovicell and ancestrula
unknown.
Measurements.—
Faenee Lz=0.4 mm. Gains ho=0.11 mm.
~\Jz=0.3 mm. Pp Zo=0. 14 mm.
32 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
A ffinities—In the genus Floridina, the zooecia have quite variable
micrometric dimensions; not one resembles its neighbor, and certain
dimensions vary up to twice the usual size. Those we give are the
average taken on the most frequent forms. Our specimen bor2 only
an incomplete onychocellarium.
The relationships of this species are with Floridina (Membrani-
pora) scutata Levinsen, 1925, of the Danian of Faxe. We do not
identify the two species as the same, because the Danish author did
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND aD
not note the onychocellarium. Our specific name recalls the close
specific affinity.
The genus Floridina still exists in the equatorial zone, and species
are founa in the American and European Tertiary. It made its
appearance in Europe in the Senonian; it is well represented in the
Maastrichtian and the Danian.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Noxontown Millpond, Del.
(very rare).
Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 73885.
Genus MICROPORA Gray, 1848
MICROPORA OGIVALINA, new species
PLATE 8, FIGURE 8
Description—The zoarium encrusts other Bryozoa. The zooecia
are distinct, united by their mural rim, little or not elongated,
ogival; the mural rim is thin, salient, finely granular; the cryptocyst
is large, shallow, almost flat, finely perforated and granulated. The
aperture is small, terminal, semielliptical, transverse. The opesiules
are linear, short, adjacent to the mural rim, placed above the trans-
verse axis of the zooecia. The apertural avicularium is small, oval,
with a pivot, oriented obliquely, the beak at the top. The ovicell
is endozooecial, large, convex, smooth.
Measurements.—
Pane Lz=0.45-0. 54 mm. ocrcate ha=0. 04-0. 05 mm.
lz=0. 36-0. 45 mm. la=0.12 mm.
21 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Affinities —The zooecial width is quite variable, this being one of
the characteristics of the genus. This is a typical MWicropora very
close to the genotype Micropora coriacea Esper, from which it differs
only in the micrometric measurements.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very rare at Vincentown,
N.J., and Noxontown Millpond, Del.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73891.
MICROPORA PARVA, new species
PLATE 8, FIGURE 4
Description—The zoarium encrusts the debris of shells. The
zooecia are distinct, united by their mural rims, elongated, oval; the
mural rim is very thin, salient; the cryptocyst is shallow, flat, finely
perforated; the opesiules are linear, more or less long, adjacent to
the mural rim. The aperture is small, terminal, semielliptical,
36 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
transverse, with very thin peristome. The apertural avicularium is
triangular, with a pivot, with salient and pointed beak, and oriented
obliquely. Ovicell and ancestrula unknown.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.4-0.5 mm.
lz=0.25-0.3 mm.
29 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
A ffinities —This is another typical species quite close to the geno-
type. It differs from Micropora ogivalina in its smaller dimen-
sions, its longer opesiules, and its triangular avicularium.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very rare at Noxontown
Millpond, Del.
Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 73893.
ha=0.05 mm.
/a=0.1 mm.
Zooecia Apertura|
MICROPORA (?) CYLINDRACEA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 8, FIGURE 6
1907. Micropora cylindracea UrricH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 347, pl. 25, fig. 4.
The description of 1907 is correct. No additional specimens have
been discovered, and we continue in ignorance of the ovicell and the
base.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Vincentown, N.J. (very rare).
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 52604.
MICROPORA(?) PULCHRA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 8, FIGURE 5
71886. Vineularia sculpta (?D’OrBIGNY) PrERGENS and Meunier, Ann. Soc.
Malacol. Belge, vol. 21, p. 49 (fide Voigt).
21892. Steganoporella sculpta (?D’OrBigNy) Hennig, Lunds Univ. Arsskr., vol.
28, p. 35, pl. 1, fig. 20 (fide Voigt).
1907. Jlicropora pulchra UtricH and Basster, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 347, pl. 25, fig. 3.
1930. Micropora cf. pulchra Votet, Leopoldina, vol. 6, p. 476, pl. 24, fig. 20.
Description —The zoarium is free, bilamellar; the fronds are nar-
row, dichotomous. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep
furrow, much elongated, quite narrow, subcylindrical, sinuous; the
mural rim is thick, salient, rounded; the cryptocyst is shallow,
slightly convex, finely perforated, without opesiules. The aper-
ture is terminal, semielliptical, transverse, with a proximal concave
lip independent of the mural rim. The ovicell is endozooecial, very
small, convex, smooth. The apertural avicularium is very small,
triangular, with pivot, with beak oriented perpendicularly to the
zooecial plane.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 37
Measurements.—
Lz=0.9-1 mm. ha=0.12-0.15 mm.
lz=0.25-0.3 mm. la=0.15-0.17 mm.
Affinities —In spite of the presence of an endozooecial ovicell and
of an apertural avicularium this species is not a Micropora; it dif-
fers in the absence of the opesiules and in the structure of the aper-
ture, where the proximal lip looks like a polypidian lamella.
This peculiarity did not escape Pergens and Meunier in 1886, who
noted on the European specimens an aperture having the form of
that in Steganoporella. This structure is quite visible on certain
cells, but unfortunately it is not very constant. However, the prox-
imal lip is always independent and is never formed by a transverse
trabecula attached to the mural rim and placed at its level. It will
be necessary to find a similar structure in the genus Crateropora or
Labiopora. But these have ovicells of a very different nature and
are deprived of adventitious avicularia. It is then with just reason
that Voigt, 1930, made this species the type of a special group of
Micropora. He correctly places here Cellepora subgranulata Hage-
now, 1851, from the Maastrichtian of Limbourg. Unfortunately he
gave no explanation, and his figures are very poor. This is certainly
a new genus peculiar to the Upper Cretaceous, but for the want of
material we are unable to fix all the characters from sections and
dissected specimens.
The European specimens have been compared to Vincularia sculpta
D’Orbigny, 1852, from the French Senonian. The jatter with its six
opesiules probably belongs to the genus Puncturielia Levinsen, 1925.
The bibliography given by Voigt, 1930, for the European speci-
mens is absolutely correct, but we think they belong to a different
species in which the cells are much smaller (0.6 mm and not 1 mm).
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 52605.
Zooecia Apertura}
Family ASPIDOSTOMIDAE Jullien, 1888
Genus MOLLIA Lamouroux, 1821
MOLLIA LACESSITOR, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 9
Description.—The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells, Serpulae,
and other Bryozoa, often over large surfaces. The zooecia are dis-
tinct, separated by a deep furrow, little elongated, hexagonal; the
mural rim is thin, little salient; the cryptocyst is large, shallow, some-
what convex at the base and slightly concave in front of the opesium.
The opesium is terminal, transverse, somewhat trifoliate, with an
38 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
almost straight proximal border. The ovicell is hyperstomial, deeply
embedded in the distal zooecium, closed by the operculum, large,
globular, smooth.
Measurements.—
ik tan Lz=0.5 mm.
/z=0.35-0.45 mm.
25 or 26 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure.—As the distal border of the mural rim is not visible
under the ovicell, one might believe that the latter is endozooecial,
but by dissection its true nature is easily seen.
The zoarium is very vigorous. It entirely surrounds other Bry-
ozoa and hides its true nature. It attaches itself also to young living
Serpulae, which are obliged to widen their spires in order to develop.
This is a kind of aggressive commensalism, similar to that which
Lecointre, 1929, has noted in the gastropods.
The opesia of the ovicelled zooecia are larger than the others.
Affinities ——This species differs from Mollia deshayesi Hagenow,
1851, from the Maastrichtian of Limbourg in its somewhat more
elongated cells and in the absence of the disjunction between the
zooecia.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Vincentown, N.J. (rare).
Cotypes—U.S.N.M. No. 73883.
ho=0.12 mm.
TUS Zo=0.15-0.2 mm.
MOLLIA PARVICELLA, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 10
Description—The zoarium encrusts shell fragments. The zooecia
are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, small, somewhat elongated,
elliptical; the mural rim is thin, rounded, little salient; the crypto-
cyst is large, smooth, shallow, convex. The opesium is terminal,
trifoliate, transverse, with a proximal border shghtly convex. The
ovicell is hyperstomial, salient, convex, transverse, smooth.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.35 mm. Once ho=0.1-0.12 mm.
l2=0.25-0.3 mm. ~P°'"™)7o=0.15 mm.
57 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Affinities —We have observed only 2 specimens of this small
species, one of which bears some calcified opesia.
There is a large distal septula and perhaps distal dietellae are
present. The species differs from Mollia lacessitor, new species, in
its small zooecial dimensions.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very rare at Noxontown
Millpond and 2 miles southwest of Odessa, Del.
Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 73884.
Zooecia
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 39
Genus MONOPORELLA Hincks, 1881
MONOPORELLA (?) LATICELLA, new species
PLATE 8, Fiaure 1
Description.—The zoarium encrusts shell fragments. The zooecia
are distinct, separated by a salient thread, large, hexagonal, little
elongated; the frontal is smooth, convex, and bears two large ope-
siules placed above the transverse axis of the zooecium and removed
from the separating thread. The aperture is terminal, small sub-
circular or transversely subelliptical in outline, the posterior margin
usually truncated, bordered by a rather thick, moderately elevated
rim feebly indented laterally. Ovicell and ancestrula unknown.
Measurements. —
ees Lz=0.8 mm. pert ha=0.1 mm.
(z=0.75 mm. la=0.15 mm.
11 or 12 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Affinities —Because of its olocystal frontal, this species cannot be
classed in Micropora, Monoporella, or Macropora. In its exterior
aspect, in the form of the apertura, and in the size of the zooecia it
appears to be related to Monoporella, that is, to the Aspidostomidae.
The opesiules are rarely visible; almost always they disappear in
fossilization, and they have escaped previous observers.
Micropora glabra Voigt, 1924, from the Upper Senonian of Ger-
many has a structure absolutely identical and should later be classed
in the same genus. The ovicell here is also unknown.
Voigt, 1930, has outlined this new genus in creating the Micropora
erecta group. Unfortunately, this group lacks homogeneity, for no
opesiules have been noted on certain species, especially Cellepora
erecta Hagenow, 1846.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Vincentown, N.J. (rare).
Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 74466.
MONOPORELLA(?) VINCENTOWNENSIS Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 20, FIguRES 4-7
1907. Micropora(?) vincentownensis ULricH and BAsster, in Weller, Geol.
Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 348, pl. 25, fig. 9.
Description—The zoarium encrusts the debris of shells, but prin-
cipally Coscinopleura digitata. 'The zooecia are distinct, separated
by a thin thread located at the bottom of a furrow, hexagonal, elon-
gated ; the frontal is convex, smooth, perforated by 2 small opesiules,
often covered with a tuberous pellicle, frequently ornamented with
two transverse lamellar expansions, placed between 2 apertures. The
apertura is semielliptical, transverse; the proximal border is linear,
40 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
with two very small lateral indentations; the peristome is thick,
salient, and bears two distal hollow spines. The ovicell is a salient,
cylindrical, transverse pad, hyperstomial, placed on the distal
zooecium.
Measurements.—
yale ha=0.07 mm. ee L2e=0.57 mm.
y la=0.13 mm. Ce a Tau aaael
hov=0.21 mm.
ines lov=0.54 mm.
Variations—The aliform expansions of the frontal are character-
istic but quite sporadic; at Vincentown they are rare, although they
are more frequent at Blackwoodstown. They mark certainly the
place of the ovicell, but it is impossible to determine whether they
are young ovicells in process of formation or old broken ovicells.
The two distal spines are rarely visible, but they appear on the
better-preserved specimens. Rarer still are the opesiules. They are
almost always closed by fossilization and appear only in the very
special conditions of preservation.
The recognition of the exact structure of fossil species is often
difficult because of the alterations that they undergo under the more
diverse influences. Subsequent calcification by infiltration of super-
ficial waters is the great enemy of the paleontologist, for it pene-
trates all the small pores and forms secondary ornamentations, often
difficult to differentiate from the primitive structure. This is fre-
quently the case in Monoporella.
Affinities —M onoporella vincentownensis differs from M. laticella,
new species, in the much smaller micrometric dimensions and in the
presence of lamellar frontal expansions.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Rather rare at Vincentown
and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Holotype and plesiotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 52606.
Genus RHAGASOSTOMA Koschinsky, 1885
RHAGASOSTOMA AMERICANA, new species
PLATE 8, FIGURE 7
Description.—The zoarium encrusts the debris of shells. The zooe-
cia are distinct, elongated, hexagonal; the mural rim is thick, salient,
granular; the cryptocyst is deep, large, flat, smooth. The opesium
is semielliptical, terminal, transverse, with proximal border some-
what convex; the opesiular indentations are small, sublinear, very
short, divergent. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the
operculum, globular. The onychocellarium is primoserial, much
elongated, fusiform, with rounded beak; the opesium is elliptical,
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 41
much elongated, median. The ancestrula is a small ordinary
zooecium.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.5 mm.
lz=0.4 mm.
26 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Affinities —Our specimens are fragmentary, and we figure the
best example to indicate the presence of the genus in American
strata, where it previously had not been found, even though it
is abundant in the European Cretaceous.
Occurrence.—Vincentown lmesand: Very rare at Noxontown
Millpond, Del.
Holotype—vU.S.N.M. No. 73904.
ho=0.12 mm.
Zooecium *
lo=0.15 mm.
Opesium|
Family SETOSELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909
SETOSINELLA, new genus
The ovicell is cassiform,® hyperstomial, not closed by the oper-
culum. The proximal border of the aperture is limited by a trans-
verse, salient trabecula attached to the mural rim (as in Wicropora).
The cryptocyst is bounded entirely by the mural rim and bears two
lateral opesiules. In each interzooecial angle there is a setiferous
avicularium.
Genotype—Setosinella prolifica, new species.
In this genus the zooecial structure is exactly that of Micropora,
but the ovicell is hyperstomial and is not closed by the operculum
as in Setosella. It appears to us to be cassiform, that is, not placed
on the cryptocyst of the distal zooecium and as interzooecial.
SETOSINELLA PROLIFICA, new species
PLATE 9, FicuReEs 7, 8
Description —The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells and other
Bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, oval,
swollen, little elongated; the mural rim is thin, salient; the crypto-
cyst is deep, smooth, flat, subcircular, entirely surrounded by the
mural rim and by the transverse trabecula. The aperture is ter-
minal, semicircular; the peristome is salient and adorned with four
hollow spines. On the peristome of many of the zooecia is a distal
thickening perforated by a pore or by a transverse slit.
The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the operculum, globular,
smooth, and occurring frequently. The avicularia are placed in the
interzooecial angles; they are long, very thin, with two denticles for
8In this type of ovicell, the length is added to the zooecial length in measurements.
42 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
a pivot; the beak is truncated, and the distal canalicule is open to
allow the passage of the long mandibular seta. The ancestrula is a
very small ordinary zooecium, the peristome of which bears only two
small solid spines.
Measurements.—
. {Lz=0.5 mm ) (including ha=0.09 mm.
Vp x oD a *
oe) 7 = 0.3 mm seicall) : Spereuns lian 0.08 mm.
33 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure.—This species has the appearance of a Setosella, but
there are the important differences that the ovicell is not closed by
the operculum and the vibracula are replaced by the setiferous
avicularia. The presence of the long mandibular seta is unques-
tionable, as it is well proved by the truncated beak, which makes it
possible for the seta to emerge from the small distal canalicule. We
have always thought that such avicularia are tactile organs. Here
when the mandibular seta is completely open and pressed down, it
touches the operculum of the distal zooecium. The function of the
small perforated distal kenozooecium that surmounts many of the
zooecia is unknown.
We have not observed true perforating opesiules; the place of
some of these is, however, sufficiently indicated to prove that they
must occur. They must have been very small, which explains their
disappearance in fossilization.
The larvae must have been small and fragile and able only to fix
themselves with great difficulty. In spite of the great abundance
of ovicells, the species is in fact very rare.
Without the ovicell, the zooecia measure only 0.35 to 0.4 mm in
length.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Vincentown, N.J. (rare).
Holotype—vU.S.N.M. No. 73903.
Family COSCINOPLEURIDAE Canu, 1913
Genus COSCINOPLEURA Marsson, 1887
COSCINOPLEURA DIGITATA Morton, 1834
PLATE 9, FIcuRES 1-6
1834. Eschara digitata Morton, Synopsis of the organic remains of the Cre-
taceous group of the United States, p. 79, pl. 13, fig. 8.
1920. Coscinopleura digitata CANU and Bass er, U.S.Nat.Mus.Bull. 106, p. 275,
pl. 2, figs. 7-22 (bibliography).
Description—The zoarium is free, bilamellar; the fronds are nar-
row, dichotomously dividing on the same plane and forming a
flabelliform ensemble. The zoaria are distinct, separated by a deep
furrow, elongated, ogival in front, truncated behind, without mural
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 43
rim; the cryptocyst completely surrounds the opesium; it is deep,
smooth, convex, more developed proximally. The opesium is an-
terior, semielliptical, little elongated, bordered with a thin salient
peristome; the proximal lip is more thickened and bears two small
opesiular indentations. The ovicell is recumbent, convex, smooth,
terminated laterally by two symmetrically arranged horns. The
opesium of the ovicelled zooecia is larger, transverse, semielliptical.
The zooecial vibracula are placed on the zoarial margin; their
frontal, perforated by large pores, is convex and terminated by a
salient, oblique mucron partially covering the semicircular opesium.
An epizooecial calcification frequently transforms groups of ordi-
nary zooecia into kenozooecia, which are perforated simply by a
median pore.
Measurements.—
. {£z2=0.55-0.6 mm. , hora Tac tte pene
Zoececias > ., Opesium;, — (0.12 mm (ordinary).
(z=0.35 mm. lo= : :
0.2mm (ovicelled).
25 cells in 4 sq. mm.
Structure —The genus Coscinoplewra Marsson, 1887, in Europe is
found only in the Upper Cretaceous, but in America, where condi-
tions were apparently more favorable, it continues to the base of the
Eocene. We refer the reader to our study of it in 1920° for detailed
description.
The structure of the vibracular cells is analogous to that of the
vibracula characterizing the Recent family Selenariidae. These are
powerful organs whose function has not yet been elucidated. They
are always placed on the zoarial margin and often at the bifurcation
of two branches. They exercise therefore a zoarial function and are
apparently useless in zooecial life.
The epizooecial calcification, which transforms ordinary zooecia
into kenozooecia at the base of many branches, is an extraordinary
phenomenon. ‘The process of their formation is always identical.
A perforated calcareous lamella begins by closing the opesium of a
zooecium; next the cryptocyst is covered and becomes indistinct.
Finally, the calcification growing more intense, the zooecium becomes
convex and assumes the most diverse polygonal forms. The keno-
zooecia are not always basal. They exist frequently even on the
edge of the fronds, where they accompany or even replace the
vibracula.
In 1920 we advanced the hypothesis that these zooecia could be
hydrostatic, an opinion that has never been criticized but that no
longer appears to us to be justified. In marine waters, in reality the
®°U.S.Nat.Mus.Bull. 106, p. 275, 1920.
177635—33—-4
44 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
colonies do not have real weight when covered by their ectocyst.
Moreover, all the integument contained in a cell having the density
of water, their absence or presence could not have any hydrostatic
consequences.
Another more plausible explanation is therefore in order. This
zooecial epicalcification is more a means of reinforcement and con-
solidation, operating in places where a zoarial rupture would occur
under certain conditions. In fact, in all the Tertiary or Recent
Escharian Bryozoa, this epicalcification can be observed at the base
of all the zoaria as noted by Milne Edwards as long ago as 1838.
Among our fossils we have found only fragments of fronds often
bifurcated and always without a base. We have not been able to
reconstruct the entire colony from these fragments, but it must have
been large (probably many centimeters in height), flat, and more
or less regularly flabellate. Such an ensemble would be fragile,
and the lateral kenozooecia assuring solidity by a thicker calcifica-
tion than the frontal and basal kenozooecia would avoid rupture at
the dangerous points.
In 1920 we offered another hypothesis, suggested by the presence
of the vibracula of the Selenariidae. We thought that the colonies
of Coscincopleura digitata were more or less floating and attached
to algae. Now that we think the Vincentown marl was accumulated
at a considerable depth of water where marine waves have little
effect, we consider this opinion no nearer the truth than the first.
The fragments of this species occur in innumerable quantities in
most of the localities studied, but nevertheless the ovicells are rela-
tively rare. The larvae, apparently not being delicate, easily and
rapidly discovered the substratum necessary for their development.
Moreover, the colonies must have been very large, as a single larva
could give rise to a great number of fragments. An analogous phe-
nomenon can be observed in the Recent seas with Myriozoum trunea-
tum Pallas, 1766, in which a single larva gives rise to a bushy colony
8 centimeters in height and of the same width. After death such
a colony can furnish hundreds of fragments such as those discov-
ered in the Miocene formations, where the species is very abundant.
In general, this observation, which can apply to many other
Recent species, makes it possible to establish the principle that zoa-
rial fragments with very few ovicells always belong to large colo-
nies. In the Cyclostomata, this observation also holds true, and it
complicates the task of the paleontologist, who is thus frequently
deprived of the essential characters for classification and deter-
mination.
In the Recent seas, large colonies after their death serve imme-
diately as a substratum for a throng of other encrusting Bryozoa.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 45
It is the same with Coscinopleura digitata, for on its innumerable
fragments we have discovered for the greater part the encrusting
species herein described. However, as the incrustation is never very
thick, we must conclude that the sedimentation was rapid and that
all these fragments were rapidly covered and fossilized.
Occurrence—V incentown limesand: Timber Creek, Mullica Hill
(Gabb and Horn), Vincentown, and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
(very common).
Geological distribution—Bryozoan beds of Aquia formation
(Eocene) : Upper Marlboro, Md.
Plesiotypes.—U.S.N.M. Nos. 63786, 73934.
Suborder ASCOPHORA Levinsen
Family LAGYNOPORIDAE Lang, 1916
Genus LAGYNOPORA Lang, 1916
LAGYNOPORA AMERICANA, new species
PLATE 10, FIGURE 6
Description—The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells. The
zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elliptical, much
elongated and quite convex; the frontal bears 6 or 7 pairs of flat,
smooth, scattered costules joined together only on the median longi-
tudinal axis; the apertural bar is thick, convex, and bears rarely a
small median process. The aperture (visible exteriorly) is semi-
elliptical, transverse, irregular; the distal peristome is thin, little
salient, and bears two large hollow lateral spines. The ovicell is
hyperstomial, buried in the distal zooecium not closed by the oper-
culum, globular, smooth; its orifice is placed below the level of the
apertural bar so that the operculum moves in a locella. Avicularia
(?) sporadic and very rare. No dietellae.
Measurements.—
. {Lz2=0.65 mm. : ha=0.07 mm.
Zooecia eae: eer Apertura (exterior) eas ani
25 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure.—The structure is that of Membraniporella, and it is
easy to restore the chitinous organs that have disappeared through
fossilization. The arrangement of the orifice of the ovicell is signifi-
cant; it is not placed above the convex apertural bar but below it;
the opercular valve, not being able to pass beyond the latter, moves
therefore under it in a kind of locella. Moreover, as it is necessarily
attached to the ectocyst, the latter can be situated only under the
frontal costules in the interior itself of the zooecium. The costules
therefore belong to the kind we have termed pericystic. This is a
46 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
simple Membranipore in which the spicules are joined along the
median axis above the ectocyst.
The orifice of the zooecium is not a real aperture, since it is at
some distance and independent of the opercular valve. It is not,
moreover, an opesium, since the latter is located beneath the costules
and is not visible. In order not to add a new word to the nomen-
clature, we have simply called it the external aperture, since the
tentacles must necessarily pass through it.
Lang, 1921, has explained very well the development of the median
process of the apertural bar. On certain species it fuses with the
proximal pair of apertural spines to form a shield above the proxi-
mal portion of the external aperture. In Lagynopora americana,
it is rarely developed and visible.
We have not been able to determine the nature of the small inter-
zooecial heterozooecia; they are very rare.
Our micrometric measurements are those of the largest zooecia
observed on the two specimens in the National Museum collection.
A ffinities—The three genera of Lang, 1916, Lagynopora, Hewa-
canthopora, and Prodromopora, differ from one another only in the
number of apertural spines and in the separation of the costules.
These characters, not corresponding to distinct variations of a
physiologic function, are not of generic value in our opinion, and
these genera should be united under the name of Lagynopora. No
species of this genus has been noted in the upper Danian either in
Europe or in America.
Lang, 1921, has well described the calcified structure of the genus,
but he has not deduced the general structure without which a
natural classification is impossible.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Very rare at Noxontown Mill-
pond, Del.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73900.
Family ANDRIOPORIDAE Lang, 1916
Genus AEOLOPORA Lang, 1916
AEOLOPORA GRANDIS, new species
PLATE 10, Ficures 1-3
Description—The zoarium is encrusting. The zooecia are dis-
tinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical, swollen,
relatively large; the frontal is very convex and formed by 8 or 9
pairs of regular costules not joined to one another and by an orbicu-
lar central area of fusion surrounded by a ring of beads; the aper-
tural bar is thick, convex, and forms an arch placed in front of the
orifice of the ovicell. The aperture is indistinct, transverse, oblique,
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 47
elliptical; the distal border of the peristome is thick and bears spines.
The ovicell is hyperstomial, buried in the distal zooecium, not closed
by the operculum. Some avicularia, often primoserial, are irregu-
larly placed between the zooecia. The ancestrula is a small ordinary
zooecium or an ancestrular one.
Measurements.
Lz=0.45-0.5 mm. Apertura {ha=0.07 mm.
iz=0.35 mm. (exterior )| /a=0.1 mm.
6 or 7 zooecia in 1 sq. mm.
Structure.—The arched arrangement of the apertural bar in front
and at the level of the orifice of the ovicell indicates clearly that the
opercular valve operated below these two organs and had no relation
with the exterior. Under these conditions the true ectocyst was
placed under the frontal in which the spines form thus a pericyst.
This is exactly the structure we have noted in Lagynopora americana.
It is very different from that of Distansescharella and Pliophloea,
in which the ectocyst surrounds the frontal. These differences are
so fundamental that we cannot recognize the family Andrioporidae
with the characters given by Lang in 1921.
Lang considered that the granules which limited the central area
of fusion are the upturned original distal ends of the costae.
This is the largest of the known species of the genus. The
avicularia are triangular, with or without a pivot; the beak is very
salient in front of the zooecial plane.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very rare near Blackwoods-
town and at Vincentown, N.J.
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73898.
Zooecium
Genus DISTANSESCHARELLA D’Orbigny, 1852
DISTANSESCHARELLA PUMILA Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 10, FiaurES 4-5
1862. Cellepora pumila Gasp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
Ser. 2) volo. p.) 126; plet9) figs:
1907. Mucronella pumila (part) UtricH and BaAsstrer, in Weller, Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 355, pl. 26, fig. 17 (not 16)
(bibliography).
Description—The zoarium encrusts Coscinopleura or the debris
of shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, very
small, elongated, somewhat fusiform; the frontal is convex, smooth,
glossy, bordered with minute tubercles; the costules are numerous,
delicate, closely joined together, and have a longitudinal keel. The
aperture is small, terminal; two small cardelles, placed very low,
separate a large semicircular anter from a small rectilinear poster;
the peristome is thick, complete, salient, the apertural bar being
48 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
united to the distal portion. The ovicell is hyperstomial, closed
by the operculum, embedded in the distal zooecium, globular, smooth.
Thin zooeciules terminated by an elliptical orifice, often primoserial,
appear frequently between the zooecia.
Measurements.—
_ {Le=0.35 mm.
Zooecia) 7,—0.17 mm.
Zooeciules, 0.2 mm long.
12 zooecia in 1 sq. mm.
Structure.—It is difficult to study this species, and it is necessary
to calcine it or color the zoarium in order to tone down its glossy
appearance. The usual magnification is too small to permit of
minute details, which usually disappear in the process of halftoning.
The zooeciules are not avicularia, as Lang in 1921 believed. They
have the appearance of nanozooids of the cyclostomatous Bryozoa
so well described by Borg in 1928, which we have discovered in many
Recent cheilostomatous genera.
Affinities —It is difficult to distinguish between Lang’s genera,
Nannopora, Tricolopora, Trilophopora, and Distansescharella D’Or-
bigny, 1852, because of the insignificance of the characters employed.
We have adopted the oldest of these names.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, Vincentown,
and near Blackwoodstown, N.J. (rare).
Plesiotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73928.
DISTANSESCHARELLA LATA, new species
ha=0.05 mm.
Apertura} la=0.05 mm.
PLATE 10, FIGURE 7
Description—The zoarium encrusts Coscinopleura and fragments
of shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elon-
gated, almost fusiform, wide; the frontal is convex and eed of
four pairs of wide costules, dat, smooth, close together, little distinct
and placed below a wide apertural bar. The apertura is small, some-
what elongated, semielliptical, terminal, with two minute cardelles
placed below and a straight proximal border. The ovicell is hyper-
stomial, closed by the operculum, placed on the distal zooecium,
globular, smooth. The zooeciules, isolated or grouped, are narrow,
fusiform, and terminated by a small elliptical orifice.
Measurements.—
Z . {Lz=0.85-0.4 mm. Ree ha=0.05 mm.
0009) 74=0,.22-0.25 mm. ~ P" M8 290.08 mm.
Zooeciules, 0.15-0.2 mm long.
8 zooecia in 1 sq. mm.
Affinities —There are probably apertural spines. We have not
observed the dietellae.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 49
The species differs from Distansescharella pumila Gabb and Horn,
1862, in its slightly larger micrometric dimensions (especially in
width), in the absence of frontal tuberosities, and in the wider, less
numerous, and more scattered costules. It is, moreover, the largest
species of this group characterized by very small zooecia. There are
no fundamental differences from Gabb and Horn’s species, the same
aperture, the same ovicell, and the same zooeciules.
In this group the aperture constant in form and dimensions was
necessarily closed by an opercular valve opening exteriorly, chitinous
and articulating on the two cardelles. Since the valve is attached
to the ectocyst, the latter covers the frontal as in the greater part
of the Recent Cribrimorphs. It has therefore a general structure
much more evolved and complicated than that of Lagynopora pre-
viously studied.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand : Vincentown, N.J., and Noxon-
town Millpond, Del. (very rare).
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73297.
Genus PLIOPHLOEA Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLIOPHLOEA SAGENA Morton, 1834
PLATE 11, Ficures 1-5
1834. Flustra sagena Morton, Synopsis of the organic remains of the Cretaceous
group of the United States, p. 79, pl. 18, fig. 7.
1921. Pliophloea sagena Lane, Catalogue of the Cretaceous Bryozoa in the
British Museum, vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 189, text fig. 89, pl. 6, fig. 4 (bibliography).
Description.—The zoarium is free, multilamellar; the first lamel-
lae are placed back to back and inseparable. The fronds are more
or less broad, compressed, flat or undulated, bifurcated in the same
plane. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, much
elongated, elliptical or oval; the frontal is little convex and formed
of 6 or 7 pairs of closely arranged costules separated by a row of
very small lacunae; the costules are flat, irregular in width, often
decorated with a row of punctations; the apertural bar is wide,
convex, and forms a crescent around the poster. The aperture is
semicircular; two false cardelles placed very low, in the vicinity of
the proximal border, separate a large anter from the poster; the
distal peristome is thin, salient, and bears small spines. ‘The ovi-
cell is hyperstomial, deeply embedded in the distal zooecium, closed
by the operculum, large, convex, carinated, mitriform. A pair of
auriform vibracula always accompany each aperture; they are sym-
metrically placed on each side of the aperture and prolong the
apertural bar. The zooecia of the exterior lamellae are smaller
than those of the inner lamellae of the same zoarium.
50 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Measurements.—
Zooecia {Lz2=0.54—0.63 mm. Zooecia | Lz=0.45-0.47 mm.
(interior) pa 0.25-0.29mm. (exterior) |/z=0.21-0.27 mm.
ha=0.09 mm.
la=0.07 mm.
34 zooecia in 4 sq. mm on exterior lamellae, 22 on interior.
Variations.—The strange variation, and one that has long disturbed
us, is the great difference in the measurements of the interior and
the exterior cells of the same multilamellar colony. The bilamellar
zoaria show the largest zooecia. 'The more the lamellae increase
in number, the smaller the zooecia become. This variation for a
long time caused us to believe that two species were included under
Morton’s name.
Structure.—The ovicelled zooecia have an internal and external
aperture of the same form and dimensions; therefore, the opercular
valve closes the ovicell. There is no visible variation in the micro-
metric measurements of the aperture; therefore, the opercular valve
was strongly chitinous, perhaps detachable, and attached to an
ectocyst covering the entire zooecium.
The apertural vibracula are very constant; rarely one of them is
lacking or changed in position; these are true zooecial organs abso-
lutely indispensable. The transverse section indicates that the basal
(median) lamella is not separable into two special lamellae. Fur-
ther, the successive lamellae are independent of one another.
The large dimensions of certain fragments causes us to believe
that the entire colony was very large and that the entire development
of such a fragile ensemble could have occurred only in calm, deep
water. The zoarial base has not yet been discovered.
Lang, 1921, has figured only the external zooecia.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very common at Timber
Creek and Mullica Hill and at Vincentown, N.J., not so abundant
near Blackwoodstown, N.J., and at Noxontown Millpond, Del.
Plesiotype—U.S.N.M. No. 73982.
Apertura |
PLIOPHLOEA ELEGANS, new species
PLATE 12, FicuRE 8
Description.—The zoarium is encrusting. The zooecia are dis-
tinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical, with elegant
aspect; the frontal is convex, bordered by small lateral tuberosities,
formed of 8 to 10 pairs of costules separated by lines of very small
lacunae; the costules are narrow, regular, granular; they begin at
the peripheral tuberosities and unite at the other extremity under
a small longitudinal crest. The apertural bar is thick, crescentic,
widest in the middle. The aperture is small, terminal, semielliptical,
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 51
transverse; the poster is rectilinear and separated from the anter
by two minute pseudocardelles placed very low; the distal peristome
is thin, salient, probably ornamented with small spines. The ovicell
is hyperstomial, buried in the distal zooecium, closed by the oper-
culum, large, globular, smooth, elongated, decorated with a salient,
median, longitudinal crest. The vibracula are interzooecial, small,
irregularly scattered, but often grouped around the apertures.
Measurements.—
Le=0.3—0.45 mm.
ha=0.05 mm.
Zooecia} Apertura
lz=0.25-0.3 mm. /a=0.06-0.07 mm.
30-82 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure—The distal extremity of the vibracula is salient, and
as a result the orifices are oriented obliquely toward the proximal
portion of the zooecia. This arrangement is not always constant.
The zooecia have a small proximal gymnocyst, although almost
always it is hidden by the ovicell or by the vibracula.
It is difficult to interpret the irregularity of the vibracula. There
are always at least two to a zooecium. Often a third is added if
a new series forms. Finally, certain of them appear to replace
zooecia that cannot develop normally because of irregularity of
gemmation.
The granules which decorate the costules correspond perhaps to
the lumen pores.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very rare at Noxontown Mill-
pond, Del.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73930.
PLIOPHLOEA VENTRICOSA, new species
PLATE 11, Fraurres 6-11
Description—The zoarium encrusts Bryozoa or shell fragments;
it may also be free and formed of hollow multilamellar cylinders;
the external lamella is composed of subcolonies arising from a false
ancestrula. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow,
elongated, elliptical, ventricose, often restricted in back. The fron-
tal is convex and formed of a gymnocyst of variable size and of
a median costulated area; the costules are short, wide, 8 to 11 in
number, convex, salient, granulated, united except at the end; the
apertural bar is thick, crescentic, enlarged laterally. The aperture
is small, terminal, semielliptical, somewhat transverse; two minute
false cardelles placed very low in the vicinity of the proximal bor-
der separate the large anter from the poster. The ovicell is hyper-
stomial, embedded in the distal zooecium, closed by the operculum;
it is large, convex, smooth, with a quite salient median keel. The
zooeciules, large or small, are primoserial or arranged in chains
2 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
between the zooecia; their orifice is terminal, elliptical, very small,
and forms a longitudinal slit narrowed laterally; their gymnocyst
is always smooth.
Measurements.—
Fencaa Lz=0.54 mm. Beatie a 0.07-0.09 mm.
lz=0.27-0.3 mm. la=0.09 mm.
Structure ——The number of superposed lamellae forming the large
tubular colonies varies from 5 to 7; they are thin and have no con-
nection with one another. Each is formed of an adjacent subcolony
arising from a false ancestrula, a small zooecium formed from a
zooecium of the inferior lamella and overlapped on the other. This
is the almost general rule in all the multilamellar cheilostome
Bryozoa.
The zooecial structure is identical with that of Pliophloea sagena
Morton, 1834. The opercular valve is very chitinous and perhaps
separable, articulated on the two false cardelles serving as a pivot;
it was attached to the external ectocyst covering the zooecium.
It is difficult to recognize the function of the zooeciules. They are
analogous to those that we have studied in Déstansescharella, but
they are very different from the interzooecial kenozooecia in Amphi-
blestrum abortivum (Gabb and Horn, 1862), for their orifice is
always terminal and never median. Sporadically, especially in the
concave portions of the substratum, they replace the zooecia and
form groups. Around the false ancestrula, they are isolated and
always primoserial. In the zoarial portions farther away they are
more numerous and approach one another close enough to form small
chains between the cells.
The gymnocyst of the cells is not always apparent; it disappears
under the ovicells or the zooeciules, or indeed it is much reduced
with the greater development of the costulated area. The peristome
bears three or four small spines scarcely discernible.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown, N.J., and
Noxontown Millpond, Del.
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73929.
Genus NANNOPORA Lang, 1916
NANNOPORA(?) MINIMORA, new species
PLATE 12, FIGuRE 7
Description—The zoarium encrusts Coscinopleura. The zooecia
are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical, swollen.
The frontal is convex and formed by 14 radiating costules orna-
mented with pelmatidia and separated by rows of 3 or 4 vacuoles.
The aperture is very small, semielliptical, transverse; the peristome
ee
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 53
is complete, with a thick, proximal border and six spines on the
distal border. The ovicell is hyperstomial, closed by the operculum,
globular, smooth. Avicularia sporadic.
Measurements.—
Z . (Le=0.5 mm. en ees ha=0.03 mm.
ooecla)7,=0.85mm. ~P° la=0.05 mm.
11 zooecia in 1 sq. mm.
Structure—Here, as in other species of the genus, there is no
separate apertural bar, for it is joined to the peristome, of which
it thus constitutes the proximal lip.
The general aspect is that of Cribrilaria radiata Moll, 1803, from
the Recent seas. Certain secondary decorations on the costules ap-
pear to be the only difference. The genotype itself, Reptescharella
pygmaea D’Orbigny, 1852, from the French Senonian, appears
simply to have a larger aperture. The constant form of the aperture
indicates a frontal covered by the ectocyst and a much chitinized
operculum.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Very rare at Vincentown, NJ.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73918.
Family PELMATOPORIDAE Lang, 1916
Genus RHINIOPORA Lang, 1916
RHINIOPORA TUBULOSA, new species
PLATE 12, Figures 2, 3
Description.—The zoarium encrusts Coscinopleura and the debris
of shells; oftenest it is a small, free, hollow tube probably covering
a small algal filament. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a fur-
row, large, elliptical, elongated; the frontal is convex, bearing 19 to
21 narrow, radiating costules, decorated with pelma and with pelma-
tidia and separated by rows of numerous vacuoles. The aperture
is terminal, semielliptical, transverse; the apertural bar is wide, dis-
tinct, separated from the peristome, of the same nature as the cos-
tules; the distal peristome is very thin, salient, with two short spines.
The ovicell is hyperstomial, closed by the operculum, large, globular,
smooth. In many of the interzooecial angles there is a small trian-
gular avicularium with a pivot, generally transverse.
Measurements.
Lz=0.72-0.81 mm. 2 es ea O- Gr man,
lz=0.36-0.45 mm. HH ertural oo mm,
13 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure——On the costules there are punctations, which Lang
calls pelmatidia. The proximal punctation is frequently larger and
constitutes then a pelma.
Zooecia
54 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The avicularia are oftenest grouped around the aperture without
fixed place; there are rarely two of them and frequently none at all.
Their orientation is variable. The primoserial avicularia are trans-
verse; the others are oriented proximally.
On the interior of the small zoarial tubes the zooecia are visible
and distinct; they all bear a distinct distal tuberosity. These tuber-
osities separate the rigid basal lamella from the fiexible substratum ;
they glide over it and thus prevent the rupture of cells.
The aperture having constant dimensions, the frontal is covered
by the ectocyst, and the opercular valve is much chitinized. As the
aperture of the ovicelled zooecia has the form and the dimensions
of the others, the operculum closes the ovicell.
Occurrence—Vincentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73915.
RHINIOPORA PARVIROSTRATA, new species
PuatTe 12, FIGURE 1
Description—The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells. The
zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, elongated, elliptical,
rather large, swollen; the frontal is convex and formed of 16 to 18
flat, radiating costules much crowded and separated by rows of
minute vacuoles. The aperture is terminal, semielliptical, trans-
verse; the apertural bar is distinct, separated from the peristome by
a furrow; it is smooth and of the same nature as the costules. The
distal peristome is thin, smooth, salient, ornamented with two short
spines. The ovicell is hyperstomial, closed by the operculum, em-
bedded in the distal zooecium, large, globular, smooth. In many of
the interzooecial angles there is a very small avicularium, triangular,
without a pivot indifferently oriented.
Mcasurements.—
Lz=0.6-0.7 mm.
/z=0.35-0.4 mm.
16 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Affinities —The structure is absolutely identical with that of #/z-
niopora tubulosa, but R. parvirostrata differs in its smaller micro-
metric measurements, in its narrower rows of vacuoles, in the rela-
tively much smaller apertural bar, and above all in the extreme
minuteness of the avicularia. One might naturally ask what is the
use of such small avicularia for such large cells.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very rare at Noxontown
Millpond, Del.
Cotypes—U.S.N.M. No. 73916.
ha=0.11 mm.
Zooecia la=0.15 mm.
HS
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 55
Genus KELESTOMA Marsson, 1887
KELESTOMA SIMPLEX, new species
PLATE 12, Fiacure 4
Description.—The zoarium is encrusting. The zooecia are distinct,
separated by a furrow or by “lacunae ”, large and variable in form,
elliptical, much elongated; the frontal is convex and formed of 9 to
12 wide costules, decorated with pelmatidia, much separated from
one another and joined at their extremity with the median longitu-
dinal axis; the apertural bar is formed by the first pair of costules
absolutely identical with the others. The aperture is semielliptical,
invisible, buried at the bottom of a long peristomie; it is protected
by a single convex arch arising from the oral avicularia and attached
to the first pair of costules by a median trabecula, which is often
perforated. The peristomice (or visible orifice) is semielliptical,
transverse, irregular. It is accompanied laterally by two triangular
avicularia with a pivot, in which the beak is oriented proximally
toward the longitudinal zooecial axis. The ovicell is hyperstomial,
not closed by the operculum, opening into the peristomie, very small,
little convex, and little visible.
Measurements.—
Tan Lze=0.75-0.82 mm. Bee hp=0.12 mm.
/z2=0.85 mm. i lp=0.15 mm.
13 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Affinities —This and the following species belong to the group that
Lang, 1922, called Kelestominae and Tricephaloporinae and that the
zoologists place in the genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903. ‘The struc-
ture of the frontal arch protecting the aperture has been admirably
illustrated by Lang (p. 26, fig. 8). Waters, 1923,1° confirmed this
structure also by an equally good drawing, but he ascribed another
origin to it.
Here the structure is simpler. The arch is attached to the oral
avicularia and by a median trabecula to the first pair of costules
serving as an apertural bar. In the other species the arch is bifur-
cated in the middle with two other attachments on the apertural
bar (Waters), or according to Lang, it is the apertural bar that is
bifurcated and attached on the median axis to the arch formed by
the fusion of two oral spines.
The protective arch, moreover, is still more complicated in
Morphosmopora and often becomes unrecognizable when it is more
or less covered by secondary calcification.
10 Waters, A. Wi. Mediterranean and other Cribrilinidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
9, vol. 12, p. 564, pl. 18, figs. 4, 5, 18, 14, 1923.
56 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
We have discovered a similar structure of a protective arch in the
Galeopsidae; but here, as has been remarked by Waters, there is no
formation of a spiramen, that is to say a special conduit indispens-
able for the movement of the operculum.
The orifice, visible exteriorly, is then never closed by the oper-
culum; it is a false aperture terminating a peristomie. In the other
Bryozoa we have given the name of peristomice to such an orifice.
We think that this term could perhaps also be employed for the
Cribrimorphs.
According to the classification of Lang, it would be necessary to
create a special genus for Helestoma simplex. Simple or complex,
a protective arch is always a protective arch. Not only do we think
it unnecessary to create a new genus, but we feel that Morphosmopora
could well be joined with Helestoma.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Very rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73917.
Genus TRICEPHALOPORA Lang, 1916
TRICEPHALOPORA PROLIFERA Gabb and Horn, 1862
FicuRE 1, D; Puate 13, Ficures 1, 2
1862. Reptescharellina prolifera GAaBB and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 146, pl. 20, fig. 28.
1907. Reptescharellina prolifera UtricH and BaAsster, in Weller, Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, pp. 167, 346, pl. 25, fig. 2 (bibliography).
1922. Tricephalopora prolifera Lane, Catalogue of the Cretaceous Bryozoa in
the British Museum, vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 74, text fig. 21 (bibliography).
Description.—The zoarium encrusts free Bryozoa such as Pliophloea
sagena and Coscinopleura digitata. ‘The zooecia are distinct, sep-
arated by a deep furrow, little elongated, swollen, capitate; the
frontal is very convex and formed of a smooth, thick epicalcification,
at the center of which is an elliptical costulated area; the costules to
the number of four are short, radiating, much scattered, united only
at their extremity; the apertural bar is of the same nature as the
costules but a little thicker. The aperture is invisible, buried at the
bottom of the peristomie, covered by a thick arch arising from the
two oral avicularia and below which is a wide, elliptical, transverse
pseudospiramen. The peristomice is elliptical, transverse, larger on
the ovicelled zooecia. The ovicell is hyperstomial, buried in the dis-
tal zooecium, not closed by the operculum, large globular, smooth.
The two oral avicularia are large, triangular, thin, with a pivot,
with the beak pointed and oriented proximally toward the apertural
bar. The ancestrula is a small ordinary zooecium.
M easurements.—
Tek Lz=0.55-0.65 mm. Pen eee hp=0.11 mm.
lz=0.4-0.5 mm. lp=0.17 mm.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 57
Variations —The superficial calcification or epicalcification is a
common phenomenon in all the cheilostomatous Bryozoa, and it has
been well known since the time of Milne Edwards, 1838. It is little
evident in the Membranipores where the frontal is chitinous, but it
is much more frequent in the derived Cribrimorphs, where it is still
more complicated by the proliferation of the oral spines. Lang, 1922,
has well shown its importance; he designates as “ connecting tissue ”
or “ secondary tissue ” the calcareous deposits that invade the frontal
of many Cribrimorphs when they fill up the intercellular interspaces.
On many of the old zooecia of Tricephalopora prolifera the costu-
lated area becomes scarcely visible and assumes the aspect of a simple
stellate pore, which is filled up in fossilization. Such zooecia are
rare, but it is probable that the drawing of Gabb and Horn was
based on this kind. We follow Lang, 1922, in the belief that Ulrich
and Bassler, 1907, were correct in their interpretation of the incom-
plete figure of Gabb and Horn. Moreover, in spite of the great abun-
dance of accumulated material in the National Museum, no other
species resembling this figure has been discovered. It is therefore
best to maintain the synonymy as noted above.
The peristomie develops on the distal zooecium; it is much devel-
oped in Haplocephalopora Lang, 1916, a superfluous genus in our
opinion, because the length of the peristomie is a trivial character.
Affinities —Tricephalopora having the avicularia oriented proxi-
mally are rare. We know only 7. saltdeanensis Lang, 1916, from
the English Campanian, and the American species differs from it in
the presence of a single pseudospiramen. Nonovicelled zooecia are
rare, so that the species is well named.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Not rare at Mullica Hill,
Vincentown, and near Blackwoodstown, N.J. Rare at Noxontown
Millpond and 2 miles southwest of Odessa, Del.
Plesiotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73924.
TRICEPHALOPORA ACUTIROSTRIS, new species
PLATE 13, FicuReEs 3, 4
Description.—The zoarium is free, unilamellar. The zooecia are
indistinct, surrounded by a thick epicalcification, little elongated,
subelliptical; the frontal bears eight very short costules arranged
at the bottom of an elliptical area and below an apertural bar simi-
lar to the costules; the peristomie, short but thick, begins with a
pseudospiramen placed above the costules and bears laterally two
long triangular, pointed, straight avicularia with a pivot. The
aperture is invisible and buried at the bottom of the peristomie.
The peristomice is terminal, semielliptical, transverse, irregular,
surrounded with a thick epicalcification. The ovicell is hypersto-
mial, not closed by the operculum, opening into the peristomie,
58 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
salient, convex. The peristomice of the ovicelled zooecia is sub-
orbicular.
Measurements. —
Tj .
. . >? (le=0.4 mm. ee \7p=0.15 mm.
avicularia)
16 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Affinities —The structure here is close to that of the Galeopsidae.
An arch arising from the oral avicularia covers the aperture, leav-
ing an empty space, a sort of pseudospiramen. This characteristic
is peculiar to the American species of 7'ricephalopora, and we have
found it even in the Tertiary.* The European species have on the
contrary two symmetrical pseudospiramens with the protective arch
bifurcated. Tricephalopora acutirostris differs from T. prolifera
Gabb and Horn, 1862, in the distal orientation of its avicularia.
Occurrence-—Vincentown limesand: Very rare at Vincentown and
near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73922.
TRICEPHALOPORA INCRASSATA, new species
PLATE 138, FicuRE 5
Description —The zoarium encrusts debris. The zooecia are dis:
tinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, swollen, capitate; the
frontal is convex, very thick, smooth, bearing at the center a small
costulated circular area and terminated by a long peristomie en-
larged distally. There is no pseudospiramen. The costules to the
number of four are extremely small and often indiscernible. The
apertura is buried at the bottom of the peristomie. The peristom-
ice is suborbicular, irregular. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not
closed by the operculum, buried in the distal zooecium, opening into
the peristomie, small, convex, smooth, little salient exteriorly. The
oral avicularia are triangular, with a pivot, transverse, pointed.
Measurements.—
Zooecium Bo oh ia Ean Peristomice|
90-22 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure.—In this species the epicalcification is very intense; not
only does it cover almost all the frontal, hiding the costules, but it
also much thickens the primitive protective arch, which is then sup-
ported on the apertural bar, suppressing thus the pseudospiramen.
Affinities —This new species differs from 7’. prolifera Gabb and
Horn, 1862, in its smaller dimensions and in the absence of a pseudo-
hp=0.09-0.1 mm.
1p=0.09-0.12 mm.
11 See Gephyrotes converus and G. quadriserialis Canu and Bassler, U.S.Nat.Mus.Bull.
106, pp. 301, 304, 1920.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 59
spiramen. It differs from Haplocephalopora uniceps Lang, 1910,
from the Danian of Faxe in its shorter dimensions, in its transverse
and longer avicularia, and in its shorter peristomie, which is en-
larged distally.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very rare at Vincentown,
N.J., and at Noxontown Millpond, Del.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73925.
Genus POLYCEPHALOPORA Lang, 1916
POLYCEPHALOPORA BIROSTRATA, new species
PLATE 14, Ficures 1-3
Description—The zoarium encrusts shells and Coscinopleura and
may attain 2 cm in diameter. The zooecia are distinct, separated
by a shallow furrow, elongated, elliptical or oval; the frontal is
convex, formed of 12 to 16 costules and of an orbicular, wide median
area of fusion; the costules are decorated with a distal pelma and a
proximal pelma; the apertural bar is wide, convex, arched, united
with the distal peristome. The apertura is large, terminal, oblique,
suborbicular; the distal peristome is thin, little salient, decorated
with small spines. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the
operculum, buried in the distal zooecium, large, globular, elongated,
oval, smooth. Each zooecium bears laterally two large avicularia,
symmetrically arranged below the aperture; they are elliptical,
salient, with a pivot, with beak rounded and oriented distally.
The primoserial avicularia are oriented transversely. The ances-
trula is very small, membraniporoid, and thin, with two large, salient
avicularia.
Measurements.—
TPoecaa Lz=0.6—0.65 mm. eae ha=0.15 mm.
(z=0.35-—0.4 mm. P ‘|Za=0.15 mm.
14 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations —The ancestrular zooecia are very small; their di-
mensions are scarcely half the normal zooecia; but in all their
characters they are absolutely analogous.
The ovicells are buried in the distal zooecium in which the num-
ber of costules is thus diminished.
Lang, 1922 (p. 48, fig. 15), has well schematized the formation
of the wide median area of fusion, but here the pelmatidia are
replaced by the pelma. It is, moreover, difficult to differentiate
these two kinds of cicatrices ornamenting the costules.
The theoretical order of the avicularia is often altered by the
presence of ovicells and by that of the primoserial avicularia. In
appearance the avicularia seem to be irregularly scattered, but in
ness — 885
60 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
counting them and observing the transverse arrangement of the
primoserial avicularia it is easy to prove that their presence and
position are nearly constant.
The apertural bar rises to the level of the ovicell and thus pro-
tects its orifice. If the frontal were covered with an ectocyst, the
opercular valve would be thin and flexible.
Affinities —Because of the number of avicularia we ought to
place this species in Phractoporella Lang, 1916; but there is no
epicalcification as in that genus. The number of avicularia (2 in-
stead of 3 or 4) and the presence of the pelma in place of the
pelmatidia do not permit us to place it in Polycephalopora Lang,
1916. We must hesitate, but in taking account of the other char-
acters—avicularia, ovicell, and costules—it is undoubted that this
species is a Polycephalopora. Moreover, the genera Phractoporella
and Coelopora could well be united, and we do not believe that a
special genus should be created for an avicularium or less. Neither
of these genera has been yet discovered in the Danian. This species
is well characterized by its orbicular frontal area. The avicularia
are identical with those of Callopora jerseyensis Ulrich and Bassler,
1907. They have the same form and are oriented transversely when
they are primoserial. The ovicells have also the same oval form.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Not rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73920.
Genus ANORNITHOPORA Lang, 1916
ANORNITHOPORA (7?) FRAGILIS, new species
PLATE 12, Fiaures 5, 6
Description.—The zoarium encrusts Pliophloea sagena and shell
fragments. The zooecia are large, distinct, separated by a deep fur-
row, elliptical, broad, elongated; the frontal is convex, fragile, and
formed of 14 to 16 costules, which are broad, separated from one
another by a long lateral and a small median lacuna; the line of
fusion outlines a small elliptical median area; the apertural bar is
distinct, wide, smooth. The apertura is terminal, transverse, sem1-
circular; the distal peristome is thin, salient, and decorated by two
large proximal tuberosities. The ovicell is hyperstomial, closed by
the operculum, buried in the distal zooecium, globular, small, smooth.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.72 mm. v4 , {2a=0.11 mm.
12=0.45-0.54 mm, ~*PeT™ 1740.18 mm.
A fjinities.—In the classification of Lang, we do not know exactly
where to place this species, for we have been able to discern neither
Zooecium
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 61
the pelma nor the pelmatidia, small ornaments that easily disappear
in fossilization. We have placed it in Anornithopora because of the
absence of avicularia and of the identity of the frontal with that of
Anornithopora implumis Lang, 1916, of the English Campanian.
Moreover, in its generic description (p. 165) the author does not give
a single positive character.”
The species differs from Anornithopora implumis Lang, 1916, in
its semicircular aperture, its larger dimensions, and in the presence
of two oral tuberosities.
The same frontal structure is observable in the Recent Membrani-
porella nitida intermedia Norman, 1909 (Madeira), but the present
species differs in the absence of distal spines and of avicularia. It
differs finally from Lagynopora horsleyensis Lang, 1916, from the
English Senonian, very similar in aspect, in the presence of two
lacunae only (and not three), in its noncircular aperture, and in the
absence of a “median projection ” on the apertural bar.
The costules are very fragile and break so easily that there are few
complete zooecia on the zoaria.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Holotype —U.S.N.M. No. 73919.
Genus HESPEROPORA Lang, 1916
HESPEROPORA OCCIDENTALIS Lang, 1916
Ficure 1, B, C; PLatse 18, Ficure 9
1916. Hesperopora occidentalis Lane, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 18, p. 98.
1922. Hesperopora occidentalis Lane, Catalogue of the Cretaceous Bryozoa in
the British Museum, vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 171, text fig. 58a, b, pl. 3, fig. 12.
Diagnosis.—Hesperopora with zooecia not much longer than wide;
secondary aperture not well formed, and subcircular; costae about 16.
Description —The zoarium is encrusting, unilamellar. The zooecia
are monomorphic.
The adult zooecia, about 0.5 mm long and 0.35 mm wide, are wide
oval, the gymnocyst is of small extent but not hidden by interzooe-
cial secondary tissue; the frontal is well arched, consisting of about
16 costae, each bearing 4 or 5 very small pelmatidia and having
about the same number of wide lateral costal fusions, leaving but
very small perforations (lacunae) between the costae; the costae
are firmly united in a median band of fusion; the apertural bar is
flattened in a distal-proximal direction and extended to form the
proximal shield of a secondary aperture; the aperture is suboval or
12“ Small Castanoporinae with comparatively few costae (20 or less), with no secondary
aperture and no or very few avicularia.” A large number of very distinct species could
be classed under this definition.
62 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
subcircular; the secondary aperture is subcircular; there are four
spines, somewhat thickened.
The ancestrula, about 0.36 mm long and 0.18 mm wide, is elliptical ;
the gymnocyst is of small extent and not hidden by secondary tissue
(epicalcification) ; the frontal is well arched, consisting of about 12
costae, each with about 3 pelmatidia and 3 pairs of wide costal fu-
sions which leave but very small perforations (lacunae) between the
costae; the costae are firmly united in a median band of fusion; the
apertural bar is much raised in the neighborhood of a pair of pelma-
tidia; the apertura is subcircular, flattened proximally; there are
five apertural spines.
Remarks.—The presence of five apertural spines in the ancestrula
of Hesperopora occidentalis * is of interest in showing that the four
apertural spines are a reduction of a larger ancestral number. Z.
occidentalis is more primitive in many characters than H. danica,
and it may be considered as ancestral to that form."*
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
(very rare).
Plesiotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73921.
Genus STICHOCADOS Marsson, 1887
STICHOCADOS COMPOSITUS Lang, 1916
Ficure 1, A; Prater 13, Ficures 6, 7
1916. Stichocados compositus Lane, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 18, p. 98.
1922. Stichocados compositus Lane, Catalogue of the Cretaceous Bryozoa in the
British Museum, vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 178, text fig. 57, pl. 4, fig. 3.
Diagnosis —* Stichocados with about 9 costae; 3 or 4 lateral costal
fusions (?); length 0.5 mm; a pair of small apertural avicularia.”
Description.°—The zoarium is free, unilamellar in small masses of
2 to 3 mm in diameter. The zooecia, about 0.5 mm long and 0.4 mm
wide, are oval, bottle-shaped, erect; the mural rim is of very small
extent; little or no interzooecial calcification; the frontal is well
arched, consisting of about 9 costae, each with 3 or 4 pelmatidia and
3 or 4 pairs of lateral costal fusions 1* united in a median band of
fusion; the apertural bar is probably formed as in the last species,
that is, with a median projection that fuses with lateral structures,
but in this case a pair of apertural avicularia replaces the proximal
pair of apertural spines to form a fenestrated proximal shield of a
18 We have not rediscovered good specimens of this species in our collections and are
giving Lang’s text, but in our usual terminology.
wees the figures given by Lang we cannot see distinctly the two apertures of which he
4A combination of Lang’s text with our own notes.
16 The lateral costal fusions are the trabeculae separating the lacunae.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 63
secondary aperture (peristomice); the distal shield appears to be
solid and formed by the upward prolongation of the apertural ring,
which replaces the distal pair of apertural spines. The avicularia,
a small apertural pair, are carried upon the secondary apertural
ring and replacing the proximal pair of apertural spines, directed
toward the center of
the aperture of the
zooecium it accom-
panies somewhat
elongate with rather
blunt apertures.
Remarks.—Were
it not for the pres-
ence of avicularia
and the somewhat
smaller size, Sticho-
cados compositus
might have been de-
rived from S. verru-
culosus (Maastrich-
tian). On the as-
sumption, however,
that S. verruculosus
was derived from
Carydiopora by the
loss of avicularia as
well as by the acqui- Ficurp 1.—A, Stichocados compositus Lang, 1916, diagram
sition of a secondary of a zooecium (X 75) showing the frontal structure ;
ee ee a et oc
itus, which has not cephalopora prolifera Gabb and Horn, 1862, zooecium
: : ne (xX 75) showing general structure; H, Diacanthopora
yet lost its avicularia, abbottii Gabb and Horn, 1862, zooecium (X75)—the
1S more primitive nm talon of the avicularium should be placed on the mural
rim of the adjacent zooecium. (After Lang, 1922.
this respect.
Measurements.—
. (Lz=0.5 mm. ha=0.11-0.13 mm
Zooecia ure F ; F
| 2=0.4 mm. Apertura fb eondcon mm.
24 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations and structure——Lang, 1922, has given a masterly inter-
pretation of the structure of the curious genus Stichocados Marsson,
1887, and it required all his experience in the study of the Cribri-
morphs to understand its complexities. He had for this study only
the four figured cells (pl. 4, fig. 3), which were sufficient for his
schematic figure 57. So it is not surprising that he omitted the for-
64 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
mation of the peripores both on the genotype S. verruculosus as well
as on S. compositus, although he has indicated them on his figures
1 and 3. The zooecia that he figured are either worn or have an in-
completely formed frontal. In reality the frontal is covered by 3
or 4 transverse rows of salient peripores, their growth corresponding
to the lacunae, as one can see on our figure. The zooecia thus orna-
mented are the commoner; the others are rare.
All the apertural armature is more or less salient, forming thus
a sort of peristomie. When it is not salient, the distal peristome
(the distal shield of Lang) appears to be solid; but if it is salient
the three distal fenestrae indicated on S. verruculosus and on
S. ordinatus, appear distinctly at the base of the armature upon
inclining the preparation. A curious consequence of this variation
is that the peristomice and the apertura have an identical form.
The formation of frontal peripores is a phenomenon not rare in
the Cribrimorphs. We have noted it in the genus Acanthocella
Canu and Bassler, 1917, in Cribrilina verrucosa Canu and Bassler,
1920, of the Midwayan, and it has been known for a long time on
the Cribrilina cryptoecium Norman, 1903, of Recent seas. We still
do not understand their significance, and Lang himself does not
discuss them.
On 8S. compositus, the proximal shield, that is, the proximal por-
tion of the peristomice, is not developed. It varies a great deal
according to the species and even among the zooecia of the same
specimen.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very rare near Blackwoods-
town and at Vincentown, N.J.
Plesiotypes—U.S.N.M. No. 73911.
STICHOCADOS MUCRONATUS, new species
PLatTE 138, Ficure 8
Description—The zoarium is encrusting. The zooecia are dis-
tinct, separated by a deep furrow, little elongated, oval or clavi-
form; the frontal is convex and formed of 8 to 10 costules almost
entirely joined together and separated only in their proximal por-
tion by a large lacuna; the proximal shield is formed by the much
thickened apertural bar, salient, bearing a large salient mucron,
covering in part the apertura; the distal shield is formed by the
more or less complete fusion of 4 distal spines placed above the
avicularia and more or less united laterally to the proximal shield.
The apertura is semicircular with a straight proximal border. On
each side of the apertura there is a small triangular avicularium with
a pivot, arranged almost transversely; the beak is very pointed and
oriented toward the center of the apertura. The ovicell is hyper-
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 65
stomial, not closed by the operculum, buried in the distal zooecium,
small, globular, smooth, ornamented with two lateral cicatrices
placed symmetrically. The ancestrula is a small ordinary zooecium.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.6-0.75 mm. eee ha=0.09-0.11 mm.
/z=0.85-0.4 mm. pereu®) 7a=0.1 mm.
20 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure and variations —We have noted in Stichocados com-
positus that the distal peristome is unequally developed in order to
form the distal shield. Here in S. mucronatus it is unequally
formed; on the young cells, on the ancestrular cells, and on the ovi-
celled zooecia the spines are free; on the adult nonovicelled zooecia
only it is formed by the fusion of spines, which thus disappear or
leave only faint traces. On the latter zooecia, each aperture appears
thus surrounded by a complete thickened peristome.
On the ancestrular zooecia, the avicularia are separated from the
peristome, but on other zooecia they are united to the peristome and
separate the proximal shield from the distal shield. The widest
zooecia do not always have their costules entirely joined, but they
are sometimes separated by two lacunae. Pelmatidia are visible on
the well-preserved costules. They are never peripores as in
Stichocados compositus. This is the only species of Stichocados in
which the ovicells have been observed.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Very rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Holotype-—U.S.N.M. No. 738910.
Zooecium|
Genus DIACANTHOPORA Lang, 1916
DIACANTHOPORA ABBOTTII Gabb and Horn, 1862
Figure 1, HE; Puiats 14, Fiacures 47
1862. Escharipora abbottii Gass and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 149, pl. 20, fig. 33.
1922. Diacanthopora abbottii LANG, Catalogue of the Cretaceous Bryozoa in the
British Museum, vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 233, text fig. 72, pl. 5, fig. 5 (bibliography).
Description—The zoarium is free, erect, bilamellar, of large flat
or undulated fronds. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep
furrow, large, elongated, elliptical, bearing all around a strong indi-
vidual epicalcification, forming a mural rim much _ enlarged
proximally; the frontal is convex and formed of 14 costules (10 to
20) much scattered and united only along the median axis by their
distal extremity. The costules are flat, ornamented with proximal
pelma and a distal pelmatidia (or a pelma); the apertural bar is a
concave arch of the same structure as the costules. The apertura
is suborbicular, large, terminal, variable; the distal peristome is
thin, with four spines on the little calcified zooecia, thick and without
66 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
spines on the others. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the
operculum, buried in the distal zooecium, large globular, smooth.
Each zooecium bears theoretically two oblique triangular avicularia
with a pivot or with denticles, placed at the level of the apertures of
the adjacent zooecia; the beak is very pointed and arranged in ac-
cord with the peristome of the adjacent zooecia, as well shown
in Gabb and Horn’s figure.
Measurements.—
he Lz=0.75-0.85 mm. pass tai ha=0.2 mm.
a lz=0.4-0.5 mm. pemura) 7a=0.17-0.2 mm.
10-13 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations —The dimensions are quite variable. On the vigorous
specimens the zooecial length attains 1 mm and the width 0.5 mm.
The number of costules varies accordingly for on the long zooecia
it is about 20 and on the shortest it is only 10.
When the zoarium develops regularly the zooecia remains quite
elliptical; but when the gemmation is deranged, they are much con-
stricted and become fusiform.
The avicularia do not have the theoretic regularity, for this de-
pends exclusively on the regularity of the gemmation. When this
becomes irregular, the avicularia disappear or are oriented dif-
ferently, then some zooecia have a single avicularium and others are
deprived of them.
Lang’s figure 72 is incorrect, for the avicularia do not belong to
the zooecium, where they appear to be placed. Their base is always
placed on the adjacent zooecium, and it is the beak only that is more
or less united with the distal part of the peristome. The avicu-
larium is always placed below the transverse median axis of a
zooecium. It develops only if there is an aperture of a neighboring
zooecium at its height. If through irregular gemmation there is
no aperture, it does not develop at all. This phenomenon of inter-
connection is remarkable, but it is not unique, for it has been ob-
served in other genera of the Cheilostomata.
The costules are irregularly decorated. The pelma and pelmatidia
are often absent. The proximal pelma is rather constant; the distal
pelmatidium often is transformed into a true pelma.
The epicalcification that occurs around each zooecium is impor-
tant. It is rather regular and envelops the distal spines, which
disappear, become invisible, or leave only faint traces. It is fre-
quently more intense at the base of the zooecia. According to its
thickness, it diminishes the length of the spines when it spreads over
the frontal. It rarely fills in the cellular intervals.
The aperture is not rigorously orbicular. It is somewhat elon-
gated and restricted laterally; its proximal border is simply convex.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 67
It is so irregular in form and dimensions that we must suppose the
opercular valve does not correspond to it exactly. It is therefore
more an opesium in which the distal portion only was covered by
the opercular valve.
The arrangement of the apertural bar causes us to believe that
the zooecium was covered by the ectocyst and the great importance
of the epicalcification confirms this hypothesis, since it cannot occur
above the ectocyst.
The ovicells are very rare, although we have numerous fragments
of zoaria. The colonies must have been very large but relatively
fragile because of the slight thickness of the fronds.
Occurrence.—Vincentown lmesand: Mullica Hill, Vincentown
(common), and near Blackwoodstown (rare), N.J.; Noxontown
Millpond, Del. (rare).
Plesiotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 73905.
DIACANTHOPORA DISTANS Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 14, FicurREs 8, 9
1862. Escharipora distans Gass and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 148, pl. 20, fig. 32.
1922. Diacanthopora distans LANG, Catalogue of Cretaceous Bryozoa in the
British Museum, vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 285 (bibliography).
Description—The zoarium encrusts fragments of sea urchins,
shells, and other Bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, elongated,
elliptical, united together by an intense calcification forming a thick
mural rim, salient; the frontal is little convex and formed of 8 to
10 separated costules attached only at their extremity to a salient
median crest; each costule is decorated with a proximal pelma; the
apertural bar is broad, distinct, little concave, of the same structure
as the costules. The apertura is suborbicular with the proximal
border straight or a little concave; the distal peristome is thin, with
four spines on the little calcified zooecia, thick and smooth on the
others. The ovicell is hyperstomial, not closed by the operculum,
resting on the especially developed gymnocyst of the distal zooecium,
which thus becomes longer; it is surrounded by a thick circle of
frontal epicalcification, at the center of which is a shallow circular
area. ‘Two avicularia are placed symmetrically on each side of the
aperture; they are triangular, oblique, with rounded beak, oriented
distally toward the longitudinal axis of the zooecium.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.6 mm and 0.85 mm. perceees ha=0.15 mm.
Zooecium (ovicelled). een /a=0.15 mm.
lz=0.35 mm.
15 zooecia in 4 sq. mm,
68 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Variations—The special character of this species is that figured
by Gabb and Horn, 1862; the ovicelled zooecia are in appearance
longer than the others and measured 0.85 mm instead of 0.60 mm.
In reality it is the distal zooecium that is elongated by a distance
equal to that of the proximal ovicell; it develops a gymnocyst on
which the ovicell rests.
The phenomenon of epicalcification, well figured although exag-
gerated by Gabb and Horn, is here quite apparent. It fills the
intervals between the cells, thus forming a thick mural rim. It com-
pletely surrounds the ovicell and forms around it a veritable crown.
Spines and avicularia are embedded in the calcareous material,
where even their traces are not always visible.
On our specimens the number of costules is exactly that indi-
cated by Gabb and Horn’s figure, which clearly confirms our deter-
mination.
The intensity of the calcification is great, and we have been un-
able to verify the exact place of the avicularia. It seems to us, how-
ever, that their base is attached to the adjacent zooecia. This must
be verified on better specimens.
Affinities—The specific characters are well indicated on the dia-
grammatic figures of Gabb and Horn and are more apparent on
our own. Diacanthopora distans differs from D. abbottii in its
smaller micrometric measurements, in its smaller number of costules
(8 to 10 and not 14), and in a more intense epicalcification joining
all the zooecia together. The general structure is almost identical
with that of D. abbottiz, and our remarks on the reconstruction of
the chitinized parts are the same.
Gabb and Horn examined only a single specimen described as
follows: “ Colony apparently in a tortuous anastomosing series of
plates, robust, cellules on both faces.” The word “ apparently ” in-
dicates a slight doubt. Probably the colony examined was entirely
encrusting some bilamellar species as Coscinopleura digitata or Pli-
ophloea sagena. Our specimens are encrusting.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Rare at Timber Creek, Vin-
centown, and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Plesiotype—U.S.N.M. No. 73908.
DIACANTHOPORA CONVEXA, new species
PLATE 8, FIcuRES 2, 3
Description —The zoarium encrusts Pliophloea sagena. 'The zoo-
ecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, oval, large,
swollen; the frontal is convex, surrounded by an individual epical-
cification, smooth, enlarged proximally, limiting an elliptical costu-
late area formed by 14 to 16 closely approximated costules; the latter
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 69
are united only by their distal extremity to the longitudinal median
axis and are decorated by a proximal pelma and distal pelmatidia
(or pelma). The apertural bar is wide, convex, of the same nature
as the costules. The aperture is suborbicular, somewhat elongated,
slightly narrowed laterally with a straight or concave proximal bor-
der; the distal peristome is thin and salient, with four spines on the
little calcified zooecia, thick and smooth on the others. The ances-
trula is a small ordinary zooecium. Each zooecium bears to the
right or to the left, a little below the transverse axis, a broad trian-
gular avicularium with denticles and with rounded beak, oriented
distally, often primoserial.
Measurements.—
ie Lz=0.65-0.8 mm. Mortars ha=0.15-0.17 mm.
lz=0.4-0.45 mm. la=0.12-0.15 mm.
Variations —Epicalcification is not active and rarely goes beyond
the zone of the costules; there is therefore no formation of a mural
rim limiting the costulated area. Nevertheless, it surrounds the distal
spines sufficiently to hide them and to thicken the distal peristome.
The avicularium is often primoserial and oriented distally; when
it is not primoserial its orientation is more or less oblique. It is
often adjacent to the aperture of an adjacent zooecium, but it is
independent of it. Frequently the costules have two pelmata.
The aperture is irregular in its dimensions; it is more an opesium
in which the opercular valve covers only the distal portion.
Affinities —This beautiful species is quite distinct because of its
convex frontal, which is not outlined by a thick mural rim as in
Diacanthopora abbotti. It closely resembles Pelmatopora calceata
Lang, 1916, from the Senonian of England (Chatham) but differs
in its larger zooecial dimensions, in the presence of a proximal pelma
on the costules, and in its large and triangular avicularium.
We believe that the two genera Diacanthopora and Pelmatopora
Lang, 1916, should be united, as the character that differentiates
them seems to us of little importance. In Diacanthopora the pelma
is proximal, while it is distal in Pelmatopora. On the American
species one can note that the distal pelmatidium is frequently trans-
formed into a true pelma.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Cotypes—U.S.N.M. No. 73909.
DIACANTHOPORA MARGINATA Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 20, FicurE 8
1862. Reptescharipora marginata Gasp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila-
delphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 149, pl. 20, fig. 33.
1922. Diacanthopora marginata Lane, Catalogue of the Cretaceous Bryozoa
in the British Museum, vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 232 (bibliography).
70 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Gabb and Horn, 1862, indicated clearly the differences from their
Escharipora abbottii “ with cellules resembling E'scharipora abbotti
in form, this species can be distinguished by its being encrusting, by
the greater size of the mouth and the fewer special fossettes.”
These differences clearly visible on the figures are important enough
to justify the creation of two species. However, Ulrich and Bass-
ler, 1907, joined the two species under the name of Membraniporella
abbotté in the belief that M. marginata was the encrusting form of
M. abbottii. Lang, 1922, does not think their assumption to be cor-
rect and again separates the two species. Ulrich and Bassler still
not having discovered encrusting forms of D. abbott with
bilamellar expansions now abandon their former belief.
Under the circumstances D. marginata must remain a distinct
species still not rediscovered.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Very rare at Mullica Hill,
N.J.
GENERAL REMARKS ON THE CRIBRIMORPHS
The structure of the Cribrimorphs results really only from the
manifestation of a single phenomenon, the fusion of the areal and
distal spines of Membranimorphs combined often with epicalcifica-
tion. But this simple phenomenon has engendered a great number
of bizarre and fantastic combinations, and their study is therefore
extraordinarily difficult. Among the bryozoologists, Jullien first and
Lang in 1922 have taken up their detailed investigation, and Lang
has produced a most comprehensive work but at present it appears
to us that he multiplied the families and genera needlessly and that
he forgot that a natural classification must be established on a study
of all the characters observed. We think he was wrong to change
the accepted terminology so severely and to adopt such highly tech-
nical terms. However, it must be remembered (1) that the Recent
Cribrimorphs are poorly studied, and no one has found in their
zoological structure the indispensable characters for comparison;
(2) that they are very fragile and often altered by fossilization,
and (3) that they are rare, and in order to preserve the studied
specimens it is rarely possible to make the necessary dissections.
We feel that Lang’s work is really masterly and indispensable to
the student. Jullien and he are the only authors who have under-
stood and interpreted the many fantasies of the Cribrimorphs. Lang
has accomplished an enormous task not only in deciphering the in-
numerable enigmas that their skeletal development presents but
also in describing the species and preparing the diagrams and superb
figures. In our opinion, it alone is quite sufficient to establish his
renown as a great naturalist.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND Za
Family HIPPOTHOIDAE Levinsen, 1909
Genus HIPPOTHOA (Lamouroux, 1821) Hincks, 1880
HIPPOTHOA TENUICHORDA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 18, FiaureE 1
1907. Stomatopora temnichorda (typographical error for tenwichorda) ULRicH
and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Sury. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 314,
pl. 20, figs. 5, 6.
Description—The zoarium is adnate, frequently branching, con-
sisting of uniserially arranged zooecia. The zooecia are elongate—
pyriform, or club-shaped, 0.45 to 0.75 mm in length, about 0.2
mm in width at the posterior extremity, increasing very gradually
in size through about one half their length, and then somewhat
abruptly to about 0.15 mm at the rounded anterior end. The aper-
ture is nearly terminal, circular, with a shghtly elevated rimlike
border, from 0.035 mm to 0.05 mm in diameter.
Affinities —This minute species is difficult to study because of the
small dimensions of the aperture and of its extreme fragility. It
is rarely well preserved in our specimens. However, with strong
magnification it is possible to see the proximal sinus characteristic
of the genus Hippothoa. On the other hand, we have not yet dis-
covered the ovicelled zooecia.
It is necessary to await the discovery of better specimens in order
to classify generically this species more exactly.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Holotype.—vU.S.N.M. No. 52618.
Genus DACRYOPORA Lang, 1914
DACRYOPORA(?) ORBIFERA, new species
PLATE 17, FIGURE 1
Description.—The zoarium is uniserial and encrusts the debris of
shells. The zooecia are small, elliptical, terminated abruptly by a
narrow caudal portion shorter than the zooecium; the frontal is
quite convex, finely punctate, ornamented by a large transversely
submedian and transverse wrinkle. The aperture is orbicular; the
peristome is thin, very salient. The branches are dichotomous; their
angle of divergence is variable.
Measurements.—
: Lz=0.4-0.5 mm. ha=0.05 mm
Zi n re -
vec 3 mm. Apertura 7a=0.05 mm.
Affinities —In the genus Dacryopora Lang, 1914, the aperture is
semicircular and not orbicular, so that our generic reference is then
72 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
doubtful. Our specimens are poorly preserved and too rare to make
a detailed study of the species.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Very rare at Noxontown Mill-
pond, Del.
Holotype —vU.S.N.M. No. 73890.
DIPLOTRESIS,” new genus
Hippothoidae in which the zooecial frontal bears two frontal pores
(ascopores?). There are zooeciules with pointed beak, irregularly
arranged between the zooecia. The ovicell is hyperstomial and closed
by the operculum.
Genotype.—Diplotresis (Microporella) sparsiporosa Ulrich and
Bassler, 1907.
In the Cyclostomata, the studies of the minute cells, nanozoids,
was made by Borg, 1926. In the Cheilostomata, the study of the
similar zooeciules has not yet been undertaken. Their anatomy and
their function are unknown, so that it is difficult to determine the
importance that should be given them in the classification.
Zooeciules analogous to those of the genus Diplotresis have been
discovered in the membranimorph genus Marssonopora Lang, 1912,
and in the Cribrimorphs Otopora Lang, 1916, and Barroisina Jullien,
1886.
DIPLOTRESIS SPARSIPOROSA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
PLATE 17, Ficures 6, 7
1907. Microporella sparsiporosa ULricH and Bassirr, in Weller, Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 348, pl. 26, fig. 8.
Description.—The zoarium encrusts small stones and the frag-
ments of shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep fur-
row, much elongated, oval or fusiform; the frontal is quite convex
and perforated by a large number of small pores regularly arranged
in transverse rows. The ascopore, little removed from the aperture,
is formed of two small pores arranged symmetrically on each side of
a small median tuberosity. The aperture is terminal, semielliptical,
transverse; the peristome is complete, thin, very salient, surrounding
a short peristomie. The ovicell is hyperstomial, resting on the distal
zooecium, closed by the operculum, globular, large, finely punctate.
The zooeciules are long narrow, fusiform, irregularly arranged be-
tween the zooecia, isolated, rarely grouped; the frontal is finely
porous; the beak is quite long, acuminate, and terminated by a
canalicule.
Measurements.—
. (Lz=0.65-0.7 mm. ha=0.06 mm.
Zooecia|
la=0.1 mm.
l2=0.35-0.4 mm. Apertura
17 From é:xAdos, double + tpqors, perforation; referring to the two frontal pores.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND ie
Variations—The micrometric variations are great, especially in
the vicinity of the ancestrula, which is here a small ordinary
zooecium measuring only 0.2 mm in length.
The zooeciules are still more variable, for there are long ones
measuring 0.5 mm and small examples scarcely 0.2 mm in length.
They are almost always oriented distally, but there are some cases
of curious and unexpected inversions. They are generally isolated,
although sometimes there are groups of 3 to 6 adjacent zooeciules ;
on other parts of the colony they form small linear series of 3 to 4
successive zooeciules.
Many of the zooecia are covered by a second incomplete pellicle in
structure analogous to that of the primitive frontal. The two frontal
pores are difficult to discern, for they disappear frequently in fos-
silization. It is necessary to tint the specimens blue in order to dis-
cover them more easily.
Among the Cretaceous fossils, the species of the Cribrimorph
group of Distansescharella D’Orbigny, 1852, have an aspect close to
that of the Hippothoidae. Their differentiation is difficult and is
a constant source of error of determination.
It is possible to recognize perhaps in the genus Dzplotresis the an-
cestor of the Tertiary—Recent genus Haplopoma Levinsen, 1909, in
which the ascopore is simple, both of them being derivatives of
Cribrimorph ancestors.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown, N.J.,
and 2 miles southwest of Odessa, Del.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 52607.
Family ACROPORIDAE Canu, 1913
Genus BEISSELINA Canu, 1913
BEISSELINA LABIATA Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 19, Figures 7-13
1862. Crescis labiata Gasp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 177, pl. 21, fig. 69.
1907. Porina labiata ULtricH and Basser, in Weller, Geol. Survey New Jersey,
Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 350, pl. 26, figs. 1-6 (bibliography).
1920. Beisselina labiata CaANuU and Basster, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 106, p. 324,
Divi igs ae
Description.—The zoarium is free, bilamellar, formed of two op-
posed inseparable lamellae; the branches are compressed, rather
wide, dichotomous, elliptical in cross section; the base is attached
to other free Bryozoa. The zooecia are indistinct, elongated, ar-
ranged in quincunx; the frontal is hidden under the avicularia visi-
ble exteriorly; it bears a large ascopore, little removed from the
aperture and opening in the interior of the zooecium below the oper-
74 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
culum. The apertura is suborbicular and hidden at the bottom of
a long peristomie; the latter is formed by the frontal avicularia in
which the walls are much thickened and by a thick and salient peri-
stome; the peristomice is orbicular.
The ovicell is hidden under the frontal avicularia, resting on the
distal zooecium and opening below the operculum. Each frontal
is covered by at least 3 small avicularia with thick walls; 1 is proxi-
mal and the other 2 are lateral and open in the vicinity of the
peristomices of the adjacent zooecia. Their orifice is small, orbicular
without a pivot. Frequently the small proximal avicularium is
much developed to form a large avicularium covering all the frontal ;
it has a pivot, and its beak is rounded and very salient above the
zoarial plane.
Measurements.—
. (L2=0.5 mm. : - (kp=0.1 mm.
a t
gocces lz=0.2-0.25 (%) mm. pone omice leo mm.
8 zooecia in 1 sq. mm.
Structure—A. well-prepared longitudinal thin section reveals ad-
mirably the structure of this species in particular and of the genus
in general. The zooecial walls are thin, but the walls of the small
frontal avicularia, on the contrary, are very thick. The latter form
the thick carapace that surrounds the colony. There are 2 or 3 on
each zooecium. The more inferior (the proximal one of our descrip-
tion) is attached to the peristomie of the proximal zooecium and
appears to have budded from the latter; its size is variable and it can
transform itself into a large frontal avicularium. The large avicul-
arium is a special heterozooecium covering a normal zooecium and
arising like it from the proximal zooecium; a septule (seen in sec-
tion) communicates with the subjacent zooecium.
The ascopore opens in the interior of the zooecium in the close
vicinity of the aperture; it is somewhat curved.
The ovicell is almost endozooecial, resting somewhat on the distal
zooecium, covered by the proximal avicularium of the distal zooec-
ium and opening into the same zooecium. The larvae must then
have traversed the entire peristomie before escaping into the water,
and we can well suppose that the function of the small avicularia
surrounding each peristomice is to drive them away and to prevent
them from attaching themselves to the colony.
Variations —No fixed rule appears to operate in the distribution
of the small frontal avicularia. Normally each peristomice is sur-
rounded distally by 3 small avicularia, 1 developed on the distal
zooecium and the other 2 on the adjacent zooecia; a fourth arising
from the same zooecium is sometimes added between the peristomice
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 75
and the ascopore. But the irregularities of gemmation and of cal-
cification much derange this fundamental arrangement, and one can
see there only a deceptive irregularity, which, however, can be under-
stood by close study.
The peristomice is frequently elliptical and transverse. On the
edge of the zoarial branches the ascopores are much larger, and their
diameter frequently attains that of the peristomices themselves.
Affinities —Of the three species of Beisselina with similar exterior
aspect discovered in the Vincentown limesand, this one is the smallest
in its micrometric dimensions. It is also the most irregular, and
finally it never shows a peristomice entirely surrounded by at least
four avicularia. Gabb and Horn’s figure does not show salient peri-
stomices regularly surrounded by avicularia, so that Ulrich and
Bassler’s determination of 1907 is exact.
Occurrence.—Vincentown lmesand: Mullica Hill and Timber
Creek, N.J. (Gabb and Horn); common at Vincentown and near
Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Plesiotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73936.
BEISSELINA INTERMEDIA, new species
PLATE 18, FIGURES 2, 3
Description—The zoarium is free, bilamellar, formed of two
lamellae opposed and inseparable; the fronds are wide, thick, ellip-
tical in cross section, bifurcated in the same plane. The zooecia are
indistinct, elongated, arranged in quincunx; the frontal is buried
under the avicularia visible exteriorly; it bears an ascopore at some
distance from the peristomice and opening into the interior of the
zooecium below the operculum. The aperture is buried at the bot-
tom of a long oblique peristomie; the latter is formed by frontal
avicularia, which have very thick walls, by a salient peristome, and
by the peristomial avicularia; the peristomice is orbicular with a
diameter intermediate between that of B. lonsdalei and B. labiata,
surrounded by 4 to 6 small, salient avicularia with or without a
pivot and arranged like a crown. Each frontal is covered by 3 to
5 small, thick-walled avicularia irregularly arranged, in which the
orifice is small and without a pivot. Frequently the small prox-
imal avicularium develops so much that it becomes a large
avicularium covering all the frontal; it is triangular with pivot;
its beak is pointed and salient above the zoarial plane.
Measurements.—
he Lz=0.75 mm. Dae ee hp=0.125 mm.
/z=0.38 mm. /p=0.125 mm.
21 or 22 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
177635—33——6
76 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Affinities—It appears to us that the ovicell must have opened
into the peristomice, but we have not been able to make a thin section
confirming this. The species differs from &. /onsdalez in its smaller
micrometric dimensions and in the more salient, large triangular
avicularium. It differs from B. labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862, in
its larger micrometric dimensions and in the presence of a crown
of small avicularia around its peristomice.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73938.
BEISSELINA MORTONI, new species
PLATE 19, Fiagures 1-6
1907. Porina quadrangularis (GABB and Horn?) UnricH and BASSLER, in Weller,
Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 350, pl. 26, fig. 7 (mot 8).
Description.—The zoarium is free, bilamellar; the fronds are nar-
row, subcylindrical or somewhat compressed, with subcircular or
elliptical cross section, bifurcated. The zooecia are indistinct, elon-
gated, arranged in quincunx, with 4 to 6 longitudinal rows to a
branch; the frontal is covered by 6 avicularia with thick and slightly
granulose walls, visible exteriorly ; it bears an ascopore some distance
from the peristomice and opening into the interior of the zooecium
below the operculum. The apertura is buried at the bottom of an
oblique peristomie formed by the thickening of the frontal avicularia.
The peristomice is semielliptical, transverse, and bears an avicularian
mucron on its proximal lip. Each frontal is covered by six small
avicularia with small poriform orifice. The distal one is salient and
forms the avicularian mucron; 2 others, laterally arranged, are sym-
metrically placed above the ascopore; 2 other lateral ones are sym-
metrically located below the ascopore and in the vicinity of the
peristomice of the adjacent zooecia; the last is proximal and opens
above the proximal peristomice. Sporadically the latter develops a
large triangular avicularium in which the beak is very salient above
the zoarial plane.
Measurements.—
Tae Ae Lz=0.34-0.6 mm. pained hp=0.07 mm.
lz=0.386 (?) mm. lp=0.11-0.13 mm.
4 zooecia in 1 sq. mm.
Structure——In longitudinal sections the structure is absolutely
analogous to that of other species of Beisselina, but the avicularian
walls are not so thick. The ascopore, often closed over by fossiliza-
tion, is here quite visible, and the large avicularium can be observed,
as in B. labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862.
Variations —The avicularium of the proximal umbo is the larger ;
it bears a pivot and is oriented distally or obliquely; its beak is tri-
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND WT
angular and acuminated. On the short zooecia the two lateral avicu-
laria placed above the ascopore unite to the preceding and form a
3-pored lip on the peristomice. When the proximal avicularium is
transformed into a large frontal one, the two small lateral avicularia
placed below the ascopore disappear. ‘Thus the symmetrical arrange-
ment of the avicularia is frequently deranged.
The diameter of the branches varies from 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
Affinities —Ulrich and Bassler, 1907, believed that this species rep-
resented Gabb and Horn’s Entalophora quadrangularis (see pl. 10,
p. 58) upon the assumption that their figure, although quite different,
could if based on a Vincentown species, apply only to this one.
Since the discovery of Ochetosella jacksonica Canu and Bassler,
1917, in the Eocene (Jacksonian) of the Atlantic and Southern
States they are convinced that Gabb and Horn more likely had an
example of that species before them. Beisselina mortoni is well char-
acterized by the avicularian mucron, which is very constant. It
differs from B. mucronata Canu, 1929, from the French Maastrichtian
in its shorter zooecia and in the presence of 6 instead of 3 frontal
avicularia.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown and near
Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Cotypes—U.S.N.M. No. 52614.
BEISSELINA LONSDALEI, new species
PLATE 18, FIGURE 4
1907. Acropora coronata (not Reuss) UtricH and Basster, in Weller, Geol.
Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 351, pl. 26, fig. 11.
Description—The zoarium is large, free, bilamellar with the
lamellae placed back to back, opposed, and inseparable; the fronds
are wide, thick, elliptical in section, branching dichotomously on the
same plane. The zooecia are indistinct, elongated, arranged in quin-
cunx; the frontal is hidden under the avicularia exteriorly visible;
it bears an ascopore at some distance from the aperture and open-
ing in the interior of the zooecium below the operculum. The aper-
ture is subcircular and hidden at the bottom of a long, little oblique
peristomie; the latter is formed by the frontal avicularia in which
the walls are very thick, by a salient peristome, and by the peri-
stomial avicularia; the peristomice is orbicular, large, surrounded by
4 or 5 small avicularia with or without a pivot and arranged crown-
hke. The ovicell is hidden under the frontal avicularia. Each
frontal is covered by four to eight small avicularia with very thick
walls, without pivot and irregularly arranged. Frequently the
small proximal avicularium develops so much that it forms a large
special avicularium covering the entire frontal; it has a pivot, is
78 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
spatulate or semielliptic; its beak is rounded and salient above the
zoarial plane.
Measurements.—
hp=0.18-0.16 mm.
(p=0.13-0.16 mm.
18 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure.—The structure is identical with that of B. labiata Gabb
and Horn, 1862, as confirmed by sections. Around each peristomice
there is a crown of five small salent avicularia, which give to the
ensemble the aspect of Porina coronata Reuss, 1869. This arrange-
ment is frequent in many of the species of the Acroporidae and is
not peculiar to Acropora Reuss, 1869. A remarkable fact is that
the ascopore opens always in the immediate vicinity of the large
avicularium and even perforates its cryptocyst; the mandible, in
opening, touches the ascopore and closes it.
The hydrostatic function of this large avicularium here appears
perfectly evident, namely, its mandible closes in order to open the
ascopore, thus permitting the water to enter the compensatrix, open-
ing the operculum and permitting the tentacles to emerge. But we
do not understand why the other cells are not likewise equipped.
Affinities—tIn spite of the exterior aspect this species does not
belong to Acropora, for its zoarial walls are formed of avicularia
and not of tubes, and the large avicularium is proximal and not
placed between the ascopore and the peristomice. The latter char-
acters are essentially those of the genus Betsselina Canu, 1918. We
cannot retain the specific name coronata because there already
exists Beisselina coronata Hagenow, 1851, from the Maastrichtian of
Limbourg, so we propose the new designation in honor of William
Lonsdale, who, among other activities, was a pioneer student of
American post-Paleozoic Bryozoa.
Biology.—Canu, 1918, believed that the numerous species of Bezs-
selina in the Danian and Maastrichtian epochs indicated agitated
waters and strong currents. This was an error, as the avicularia on
the contrary multiply their number and their size in deep and calm
waters. In order to construct such large colonies these small ani-
mals had need of considerable quantities of nourishment (diatoms).
In order to obtain such food it is absolutely necessary that the water
be constantly renewed, which is precisely the function of the
numerous avicularia. We suppose also that the large avicularia
arranged in linear series had the mandibles for a simultaneous move-
ment and destined to create a slight current over the zoarial surface.
Occwrrence.—Vincentown limesand: Rare at Vincentown and
near Blackwoodstown, N.vJ.
Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 52618.
Lz=0.72-0.75 mm.
Peristomice| lz=0.36 (?) mm.
Zooeciunn|
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 79
Family ESCHARELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909
Subfamily PERISTOMELLAE Canu and Bassler, 1917
Genus EXOCHELLA Jullien, 1888
EXOCHELLA SEPTENTRIONALIS, new species
PLATE 17, FIauRES 2-5
1907. Mucronella pumila (part) UtrtcH and Bassier, in Weller, Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 355, pl. 26, fig. 16.
Description—The zoarium encrusts Coscinoplewra, fragments of
sea-urchins, and shells; it is small. The zooecia are distinct, sepa-
rated by a thin thread placed at the bottom of a deep furrow, little
elongated, swollen, ensiform; the frontal is convex, smooth, bor-
dered by some small areolar pores, little visible, and terminated by
a salient mucron, which is erect, flat, wide, bifid, and hiding the
aperture. The aperture is semielliptical, transverse, little visible,
concealed at the bottom of the locella; the peristome is thin, little
salient, garnished with 2 small distal spines and with 2 lateral ones.
The ovicell is hyperstomial, resting on the distal zooecium, widely
open in front of the mucron, not closed by the operculum. On each
side of the aperture there is a small avicularium with pivot, trian-
gular, oriented distally. The ancestrula is small, membraniporoid
or not.
Measurements.—
Fooeeiase? Oo mm. Lpsrimea mee mm.
|/2=0.36 mm. | ¢a=0.12-0.15 mm.
Variations —The ancestrular zooecia are much smaller than the
marginal zooecia and as the zoaria are very small, the number of
cells to the square millimeter is quite variable; it is 12 around the
ancestrula and 5 or 6 only on the zoarial margins. There are only
two avicularia on the wide marginal and ovicelled zooecia and none
at all on the nonovicelled ones. The narrow ovicelled zooecia have
only a single avicularium.
The well-developed nonovicelled zooecia have 4 spines, but the
ancestrular zooecia have only 2. On the ovicelled zooecia the spines
are replaced by the avicularia.
The mucron is well developed only on the ovicelled zooecia. On
the others it is smaller, less salient, and not bifid.
The ancestrula appears very variable. It is a very small ordinary
zooecium without avicularia. However, we have figured a colony
on which the ancestrula is reduced to an apertural portion accom-
panied by four small avicularia.
Affinities —Exochella septentrionalis differs notably from the other
species of the genus in the absence of large areolar pores and in the
80 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
oral avicularia not placed on the adjacent zooecia. These differences
are not of generic order.
All the recent and fossil species hitherto known occur in the tem-
perate zone of the Southern Hemisphere. So it is interesting to
note the extension of the genus in the warm zones of the Northern
Hemisphere. Canu, 1911, described two species from the Rocaneen
of Argentina, which is a horizon about equivalent to that of the
Vincentown limesand. Lepralia (Mucronella) newmayri Pergens,
1893, from the Maastrichtian of Limbourg, appears also to be an
Ewochella. The figured specimen is not very good, but the author
states that the inferior part of the orifice bears in the middle a den-
ticulated prominence. If we are not mistaken, the genus / xvochella
begins then in the Maastrichtian.
Biology.—This species of H'xochella is organized to assure repro-
duction. The ovicelled zooecia are numerous; they are accompanied
by protective adventitious avicularia and mucron. The colonies are
small and of short life; they compensate for their precarious exist-
ence by their fertility.
Exochella is the direct ancestor of Didymosella Canu and Bassler,
1920, by the fusion of the mucron with the proximal spines. The
latter genus remains purely equatorial and limited to warm waters.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Not uncommon at Vincen-
town and near Blackwoodstown, N.J., and at Noxontown Millpond
and 2 miles southwest of Odessa, Del.
Cotypes.—U.S.N.M. Nos. 78886, 73887.
Family PHYLACTELLIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1917
Genus PERIGASTRELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917
PERIGASTRELLA EXSERTA Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 20, Figures 1-3
1862. Cellepora exserta, GABB and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser, 2, vol. 5, p. 125, pl. 19, fig. 6.
1907. Monoporeila exrserta Utricu and Basser, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 349, pl. 25, fig. 567 (bibliography).
Description—The zoarium encrusts Coscinopleura and the debris
of shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow,
large, little elongated, swollen, oval or barrel shaped; the frontal is
convex, ornamented with small transparent granulations and sur-
rounded by small, scattered, areolar pores. The apertura is sub-
orbicular and placed at the bottom of a short peristomie; the peri-
stome is salient, thick, and fringed. The ovicell is recumbent, small,
globular, opening exteriorly or into the peristomie. Small dietellae
are present,
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 81
Measurements.—
4 Lz=0.75 mm. ha=0.14 mm.
Zooecium /z=0.6-0.7 mm. Aperturat tr o19-o.14 mm.
12 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations.—The frontal and the ovicell are frequently covered by
a second pellicle identical with the first which may be totally or
partially developed.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Mullica Hill, N.J. (Gabb and
Horn); not uncommon at Vincentown, N.J.; rare at Noxontown
Millpond, Del.
Plesiotype—U.S.N.M. No. 52608.
Family HIPPOPODINIDAE Levinsen, 1909
Genus HIPPALIOSINA Canu, 1918
HIPPALIOSINA ASPERA Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 15, FIcurE 1
1862. Reptocelleporaria aspera Gasp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 131, pl. 19, fig. 14.
1901. Lepralia subplana Utricu, Maryland Geol. Surv., Eocene, vol. 1, p. 219,
pl. 59, fig. 17.
1907. Lepralia aspera ULricH and BAsstieEr, in Weller, Geol. Sury. New Jersey,
Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 352, pl. 26, fig. 9 (bibliography).
1920. Meniscopora subplana Canu and Basster, U.S.Nat.Mus. Bull. 106, p. 556,
pl. 2; figs. 4 5:
Description.—The zoarium is creeping, multilamellar, surrounding
small fragments and pebbles. The lamellae are superposed. The
zooecia are distinct, separated by a shallow furrow or by a thread,
small, little elongated, oval or elliptical; the frontal is a pleurocyst
reposing on a nonperforated olocyst; it is granulose, decorated with
false tremopores, and surrounded by rather large areolar pores. The
aperture is semielliptic, a little elongated with a proximal border
somewhat concave; the peristome is complete, very little salient,
often worn. The ovicell is endozooecial, narrow, somewhat convex,
smooth, little visible. On each side of the aperture there is a small
triangular avicularium, oblique, oriented distally toward the longi-
tudinal median axis of the zooecium. Distal dietellae present.
Measurements.—
Lz=0.5-0.54 mm. ha=0.144 mm.
- Apertura}, _
/z=0.86-0.45 mm. la=0.126 mm.
30-35 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Structure and variations—The aspect of the frontal is quite
variable, the calcification being very irregular; it is frequently cov-
ered by false tremopores absolutely invisible on the interior of the
zooecium where the nonperforated olocyst alone is visible.
Zooecium
82 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The areolar pores do not surround the frontal only, for they
occur also around the distal portion of the peristome. By abrading
the surface, it can be observed that the distal half of each zooecium
is surrounded by dietellae; these correspond to the distal areolar
pores.
The largest colony observed measures 3 cm in length and con-
tains five superposed lamellae. As it surrounds some fragment that
rested on the sea bottom, sedimentation must have been very slow.
Affinities —The appearance in the Vincentown limesand of this
Recent equatorial genus is quite remarkable. The general structure
of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa is already quite complicated in the
Upper Cretaceous, but the simpler forms are more abundant while
others are very rare. We note finally that this genus still exists
in the Gulf of Mexico.
Hippaliosina aspera differs from the other known species in the
smallness of its avicularia and of its ovicells.
The geographic distribution of the species of a genus of cheilostom-
atous Bryozoa is controlled by capricious biologic conditions. Thus
we note that Hippaliosina, arising in the Vincentown limesand of
America, is absent from this country during the Eocene and
Oligocene but reappears in the Upper Miocene and persists in the
Gulf of Mexico. In Europe, on the contrary, it appeared in the
Eocene, persisted through the Oligocene and the Miocene, and
disappeared during the Pliocene.
The species of Hippaliosina are of shallow water, 30 to 50 meters
deep, but while they are known to ascend to a greater depth and
endure a temperature of 12° to 25° C. in the equatorial zone, they
cannot do this in another zone. Also by the aid of these species,
Canu, 1918, has shown that the contraction of the tropical zone in
the geologic series can be followed.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek and Mullica
Hill, N.J. (Gabb and Horn); rare at Vincentown and near Black-
woodstown, N.J., and and at Noxontown Millpond, Del. Eocene
(Aquia) : Upper Marlboro, Md.
Plesiotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73912.
Family RETEPORIDAE Smitt, 1867
PSILOSECOS,* new genus
Reteporidae(?) in which the ovicell is hyperstomial, closed by the
operculum. The frontal is smooth and bears two to four sublateral
pores. The apertura is lepraliform provided with a mucron trans-
formed into a lyrula and with a distal peristomial avicularium.
18 From yrds, bare + onxds, small case; referring to the aspectjof the frontal,
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 83
Genotype-—Psilosecos (Escharinella) muralis Gabb and Horn,
1862.
This new genus is created for the reception of two species appear-
ing in the European Danian and in the supposed American equiva-
lent:
Monoporella angustidens Levinsen, 1925___---..--------------~--------- Faxe.
Escharinella muralis Gabb and Horn, 1862_---------_-_-__------_- Vincentown.
Levinsen, 1925, interpreted the frontal pores as derived from avic-
ularia. They can also be interpreted as areolar pores. In the
genera Malleatia Jullien, 1903, and Hippelozoon Canu and Bassler,
1923, of the Reteporidae, there are species with cells exhibiting an
analogous aspect in having also very small frontal pores and a
lyrula. We are therefore classifying this genus in the Reteporidae
doubtfully.
PSILOSECOS MURALIS Gabb and Horn, 1862
PLATE 15, FIGURES 2-7
1862. Escharinella muralis Gass and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 140, pl. 19, fig. 28.
1967. Mucronella muralis UtricH and Basser, i Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 352, pl. 26, fig. 10 (bibliography).
Description—The zoarium is composed of flattened, rather narrow,
irregularly dividing branches, with from 4 to 8 rows of zooecia upon
each side. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a salient sinuous
thread, elongated, oval or fusiform; the frontal is little convex,
smooth, perforated sublaterally by 2 to 4 round or rectilinear pores;
it bears proximally an elliptical avicularium with a pivot oriented in
the interior of the aperture of the proximal zooecium. ‘The aperture
is elliptical, elongated, and bears on its proximal lip a mucron trans-
formed rapidly into a small rectangular lyrule. The ovicell is hyper-
stomial, closed by the operculum, completely embedded into the
thick wall of the distal zooecium, invisible exteriorly.
Measurements.—
Ta Le 060-4 mm. Aeparteann ha=0.12 mm.
/z=0.35 mm. /a=0.1 mm.
Variations—Gabb and Horn’s figure illustrates one of the many
variations of this species. These are caused by the vigorous epical-
cification of the frontal aided by the presence of separating threads.
When the zooecial walls are very thick the threads become thinner
and even invisible, whereupon the frontal is very convex. Simul-
taneously, the distal avicularium, salient on the young zooecia, be-
comes embedded in the aperture and is not visible on the old zooecia
of the same zoarium. The primitive frontal pores always persist
and are obliterated only by fossilization.
84 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Structure—The longitudinal section shows thick frontal walls.
The ovicell is buried in the interior, and since it is placed below
the distal avicularium it is wholly invisible exteriorly. The ovicell
is thus visible only in thin sections. There is no peristome on the
young zooecia, but on the old cells there is one formed by the thicken-
ing of the frontal walls.
The two lamellae of the zoarium are inseparable, and the zooecia
of each of these are placed exactly in front of the zooecia of the
other lamella. This symmetrical arrangement is perfect.
The transverse section is elliptical, and there are no zooecia along
the edges of the zoarial branches.
Affinities—The presence of the lyrule seems to indicate that this
species belongs to the Smittinidae, for which reason Ulrich and
Bassler, 1907, referred it to Mucronella Hincks, 1877. But in this
genus the ovicell is not closed by the operculum and the ovicell is
not hidden. We prefer, however, to classify Pstlosecos in the
Reteporidae for the reasons just given.
Monoporella angustidens Levinsen, 1925, from the Danian of Faxe
has been well studied by its author. It is smaller and rarer and we
prefer to choose the American species as the genotype because it is
more abundant, larger, and its interior structure is known.
Acanthionella oecioporosa Canu and Bassler, 1920, from the
Claibornian of Alabama seems to belong to this new genus.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Mullica Hill, N.J. (Gabb and
Horn); not uncommon at Vincentown and near Blackwoodstown,
N.J.
Plesiotypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 73902.
Family CELLEPORIDAE Busk, 1852
Genus ACANTHIONELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917
ACANTHIONELLA TYPICA Gabb and Horn, 1860
PLATE 16, Figures 1-7
1860. Cellepora typica Gasp and Horn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
vol. 12, p. 366.
1907. Mucronella typica ULRIcH and BAsstreEr, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New Jersey,
Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 353, pl. 26, figs. 12, 18 (bibliography).
1907. Mucronella aspera (part) UtricH and BAsSsteEr, in Weller, ibid., p. 355
(not pl. 26, figs. 14, 15).
Description—The young zoarium encrusts the debris of shells and
Coscinopleura,; it develops next into free compressed branches more
or less wide, dichotomous, formed of two lamellae placed back
to back, inseparable. The young zooecia are distinct, separated by
a furrow, elongated, oval, capitate; the frontal is convex, smooth.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 85
The aperture is terminal, semielliptic, lepraliform; the proximal
lip is straight and bears a small salient mucron transformed rapidly
into a true lyrule; the peristome is distal, thin, little salient. The
ovicell is hyperstomial not closed by the operculum, widely open,
smooth, convex, salient. On each side of the aperture there is a
small elliptical avicularium with a pivot, divergent, oblique or trans-
verse, oriented proximally. The adult zooecia are indistinct; the
frontal is covered by an epicalcification and with one or two small
supplementary avicularia; the apertura is deeply embedded at the
bottom of the short peristomie formed by the epicalcification; the
ovicell is little salient, little visible, surrounded by epicalcification,
opening widely into the peristome. The ancestrula is a very small
ordinary zooecium without avicularia. Sporadically there is a very
large avicularium replacing a zooecium; it is elliptical, or oval, some-
what spatulate, with a pivot.
Measurements.—
Zooeciums —2 0:03-0:42 MM: 4 portura | 2O= 0-140.16 mm.
lz=0.29-0.36 mm. I “\la=0.13 mm.
a eee Lav=0.63 mm. Onin | hav=0.36 mm.
lav=0.31 mm. lav=0.18 mm.
24-26 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations —The variations of this species are considerable, for
there is a great difference between the ancestrular zooecia, the young
marginal zooecia, and the more numerous adult zooecia.
The ancestrular zooecia are rarely provided with avicularia; they
bear a pointed mucron and not a lyrule; they are sometimes sur-
mounted by a large globular ovicell.
The young marginal zooecia rarely occupy a large portion of the
branches; they are rather regular in their ensemble, but neverthe-
less the place and the orientation of the small avicularia are not
constant; the ovicell is less salient than on the ancestrular zooecia.
On the other zooecia the frontal epicalcification much deranges
the place of the primitive avicularia by the addition of pores of
calcification and by a row of avicularia. The general aspect is then
of a disconcerting irregularity, which recalls that in Beisselina. By
noting especially the two more or less deranged primitive avicularia
it is easy to discover the new avicularia.
The function of the zooecial avicularia is difficult to discover
because of their irregularity. We suppose it to be the usual one
of oxygenation by the renewal of the adjacent water.
The waters of the Vincentown deposits were certainly calm and
rich in diatoms, permitting the rapid and easy development of
Vigorous species with much calcified zoaria.
86 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Affinities —A canthionella typica is the type of the genus as chosen
by Canu and Bassler in 1917, so that it is with it that other species
should be compared. The genus is not exclusively American, for to
the known species must be added Lepralia (Mucronella) russella
Pergens, 1893, from the Maastrichtian of Limbourg.
Eschara striata Goldfuss, 1826, from the Maastrichtian of Lim-
bourg was classed by Voigt, 1930, in Kletdionella, but this species
bears an ascopore, which structure is lacking in that genus.
Ulrich and Bassler, 1907, considered the encrusting specimens as
belonging to Mucronella aspera Ulrich, 1907, from the Eocene at
Upper Marlboro, Md., but now that encrusting specimens with bi-
lamellar expansions have been discovered they no longer maintain
this opinion.
We made the first study in 1920 of the genus Acanthionella. The
section of this species published by us in 1920, made from a very
calcified specimen, shows clearly that the ovicell is not closed by
the operculum, so that the genus is quite distinct from Ps?/osecos.
However, it is unquestionable that the two genera are closely related,
and in the future they may be placed in a new family close to the
Reteporidae and Smittinidae.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek and Mullica
Hill, N.J. (Gabb and Horn); common at Vincentown and near
Blackwoodstown, N.J.; rare at Noxontown Millpond and 2 miles
southeast of Odessa, Del.
Plesioty pes —U.S.N.M. Nos. 73895, 78896.
Genus KLEIDIONELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917
KLEIDIONELLA(?) TRABECULIFERA, new species
PLATE 15, FIGURE 8
Description.—The zoarium is bilamellar. The zooecia are indis-
tinct, unoriented, urceolate in appearance; they are surmounted by
a very thick peristomie erect or oblique; the frontal is convex,
smooth, more or less visible. The peristomies are bound together
by trabeculae, leaving between them large irregular and polygonal
spaces. The apertura is semielliptical, transverse; the proximal
border bears a salient triangular mucron, the peristome bears two
small avicularia arranged laterally and symmetrically. The large
interzooecial avicularia are oval, with denticles, spatulate or not.
Measurements.—
ha=0.1mm. Diameter of peristomie, 0.2-0.25 mm.
Ja=0.14 mm. 18-20 zooecia in 4 sq. mm.
Variations.—It is difficult to estimate the number of zooecia on
a given surface because of the great irregularity of the polygonal
Apertura
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 87
spaces between the trabeculae, in which the large avicularia often
appear to lodge.
Besides the large avicularia described above, there are others in
which the orifice is different and provided with an inferior sinus
more or less deep. The rarity of specimens has made it impossible
to study in detail and to determine its true structure.
Voigt, 1930, discovered in the Danian of Faxe a species, K/ezdion-
ella celleporoides, that presents some analogies with A. trabeculifera,
but that does not bear trabeculae.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Very rare at Vincentown, N.J.
Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 738894.
Order CYCLOSTOMATA Busk
Subdivision PARALLELATA Waters, 1887
Family DIASTOPORIDAE Gregory, 1899
STOMATOPORA REGULARIS Gabb and Horn, 1862
1862. Stomatopora regularis Gaspp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 172, pl. 21, fig. 64—-ULricu and BASSLER, in Weller,
Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 3138, pl. 20, figs. 1-3
(bibliography), 1907.
Occurrence.—V incentown marl: Vincentown and near Blackwoods-
town, N.J.; Noxontown Millpond, Del.
STOMATOPORA KUMMELLI Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
1907. Stomatopora kiimmelli UtricH and BASssLEr, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 814, pl. 20, fig. 4.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Vincentown and near Black-
woodstown, N.J.
ENTALOPHORA CONRADII Gabb and Horn, 1862
1862. Entalophora conradii Gass and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 170, pl. 21, fig. 59—ULricH and BASsLErR, in Weller, Geol.
Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 323, pl. 22, fig. 9 (bibliography),
1907.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Mullica Hill, Vincentown,
and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
RETELEA OVALIS Gabb and Horn, 1862
1862. Retelea ovalis Gasp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 164, pl. 21, fig. 52—UnricH and Basster, in Weller, Geol.
Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 328, pl. 23, figs. 3,4 (bibliography),
1907.
Oceurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Near Mullica Hill, Vincen-
town, and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.; Noxontown Millpond, Del.
88 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Family ONCOUSOECIIDAE Canu, 1918
ONCOUSOECIA CONTORTILIS Lonsdale, 1845
1845. Idmonea contortilis LONSDALE, Quart. Journ. Geol. Sci. London, vol. 1,
p. 68, pl. 11 a-d.—GapBs and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 167, 1862.
1907. Filisparsa contortilis Utr1cH and BAssLeEr, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 322, pl. 22, figs. 5-7 (bibliography).
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Timber Creek, Vincentown,
and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
ONCOUSOECIA BIFURCATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
1907. Filisparsa bifurcata Un~ricH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 322, pl. 22, fig. 8.
1922. Oncousoecia bifurcata CANU and BASSLER, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 61,
art. 22, p6; pl. defies.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Vincentown and near Black-
woodstown, N.J.
Family PLAGIOECIIDAE Canu, 1918
PLAGIOECIA AMERICANA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
1907. Berenicea americana ULRICH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 315, pl. 20, fig. 7.
1922. Plagioecia americana CANU and BassterR, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 61, art.
22, p. 27, pl. 3, fig. 3, fig. 138-15.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Vincentown and near Black-
woodstown, N.J.; Noxontown Millpond, Del.
PLAGIOECIA VARIANS Ulrich, 1901
1901. Discosparsa varians UtricH, Maryland Geol. Surv., Hocene, vol. 1, p. 205,
pl. 59, fig. 3—ULricH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New Jersey,
Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 3815, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2, 1907.
1920. Diaperoecia varians Canu and Basster, U.S.Nat.Mus. Bull. 106, p. 741,
pl. 104, figs. 1-4.
1922. Plagicecia varians CANU and BAsster, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 61, art. 22,
Di 26, ) pleas, ele
Occurrence.—Lowest Eocene (Bryozoan bed near base of Aquia
formation): Upper Marlboro, Md. Vincentown marl: Vincentown
and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
STATHMEPORA GABBIANA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
1907. Bisidmonea gabbiana ULricH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 320, pl. 22, figs. 1, 2.
1922. Stathmepora gabbiana CaNnu and Basser, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 61,
art. 22, p. 39, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Vincentown and near Black-
woodstown, N.J.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 89
Family DIAPEROECIIDAE Canu, 1918
DIAPEROECIA AMERICANA Gabb and Horn, 1862
1862. Fascipora americana Gaps and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2) vol. 5, p. 165, pl. 21, fig. 54.
1907. Clausa americana ULRicH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New Jersey,
Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 825, pl. 22, fig. 11 (bibliography).
1922. Diaperoecia americana CANuU and BASSLER, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 61,
art. 22, p. 46, pl. 9, figs. 6-10.
1901. Fascipora subramosa UtricH, Eocene vol., Maryland Geol. Surv., p. 207,
ple 59; figs: 1, 2:
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, near Mullica
Hill, Vincentown, and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
DIAPEROECIA SAILLANS Canu and Bassler, 1922
1922. Diaperoecia saillans CANU and BASSLER, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 61, art.
22) 0.1437 pl 8, fig. 12.
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Vincentown, N.J.
DIPLOSOLEN LINEATUM Gabb and Horn, 1862
1862. Diastopora lineata GABB and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 172, pl. 21, fig. 62—UnricH and Basstrr, in Weller, Geol.
Sury. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 3816, pl. 21, figs. 3, 4 (bibliog-
raphy), 1907.
1922. Diplosolen lineatum CANu and BAsstmr, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 61,
art. 22, p. 47, pl. 9, fig. 20.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, Mullica Hill,
Vincentown, and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
LEKYTHIONIA DICHOTOMA Gabb and Horn, 1862
1862. Reticulipora dichotoma Gass and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadel-
phia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 173, pl. 21, fig. 64-—ULricu, Maryland Geol, Surv.,
Eocene vol., p. 207, pl. 50, figs. 9-12, 1901—UzricH and BaASSLER, in
Weller, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 318, pl. 21, figs.
5-14 (bibliography), 1907.
1920. Lekythionia dichotoma CANU and BaAsster, U.S.Nat.Mus. Bull. 106, p. 747,
pl. 104, figs. 7-13.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, Vincentown,
and near Blackwoodstown, N.J. Eocene (Bryozoan bed near base
of Aquia formation) : Upper Marlboro, Md.
Family TUBULIPORIDAE Johnston, 1838
IDMONEA (HETEROCRISINA) ABBOTTI Gabb and Horn, 1860
1860. Heterocrisina abbottii GABB and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 404, pl. 69, figs. 45-47.
1862. Bicrisina abbottii Gasp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 174, pl. 21, fig. 65.
90 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
1907. Idmonea abbotti ULRicH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New Jersey,
Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 321, pl. 22, figs. 3, 4 (bibliography).
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Near Mullica Hill, Vincen-
town, and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
Family FRONDIPORIDAE Busk, 1875
FILIFASCIGERA MEGAERA Lonsdale, 1845
1845. Tubulipora megaera LONSDALE, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 1,
p. 69, figs. a, b.
1862. Filifascigera megaera GApsp and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 165, pl. 21, fig. 53.—Uxricu, Zittel-Eastman, Text-
book Pal., ed. 1, p. 268, fig. 421, 1896——Utricn and BAsSstErR, in Weller,
Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 325, pl. 22, figs. 12-15
(bibliography), 1907
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, Vincentown,
and near Blackwoodstown, N.J., Noxontown Millpond, Del.
Family CYTISIDAE D’Orbigny, 1854
DISCOCYTIS ECCENTRICA Ulrich and Bassler, 1907
1907. Discocytis eccentrica ULrRicH and BASss LER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 326, pl. 22, figs. 16-19.—Canv and BASSLER,
Proe. U:S-Nat.Mus., vol. Gis art. 22: sp, 2;.ple 29" fic. 16. 1922)
Occurrence.—V incentown limesand: Vincentown and near Black-
woodstown, N.J.
Subdivision RECTANGULATA Waters, 1887
Family LICHENOPORIDAE Smitt, 1866
LICHENOPORA PAPYRACEA D’Orbigny, 1852
1852. Unitubigera papyracea D’OrspiagNy, Paléontologie francaise, terrains
Crétacés, vol. 5, p. 761, pl. 648, figs. 12-14.
1907. Lichenopora papyracea ULricH and BAssLerR, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 327, pl. 22, fig. 20.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Vincentown, N.J.; Noxon-
town Millpond, Del.
Family LEIOSOECIIDAE Ulrich and Bassler, 1920
LEIOSOECIA PARVICELLA Gabb and Horn, 1860
1860. Multicrescis parvicella Gasp and Horn, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, vol. 12, p. 367; Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 4,
p. 401, pl. 69, figs. 36-88, 1860.
1907. Heteropora parvicella ULRicH and BASSLER, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 327, pl. 23, figs. 1, 2 (bibliography).
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND Ol
1902. Leiosoecia parvicella CANU and Basster, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 106, p. $24,
fig. 273; Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 61, art. 22, p. 100, 1922.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, near Mullica
Hill, Vincentown, and near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
CELLEPORA TUBULATA Lonsdale, 1845
1845. Cellepora tubulata LoNspALE, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 1,
p. 70.
Oceurrence.—Type locality, Lewis Creek, N.C., but cited also from
Timber Creek, N.J. The latter specimens are probably Lezosoecia
parvicella Gabb and Horn, 1860.
CRISINA STRIATOPORA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904
1907. Crisina striatopora UtricH and BaAsster, in Weller, Geol. Surv. New
Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 319 (not Ulrich and Bassler, Miocene Vol.
Maryland Geol. Surv., 1904, p. 406, pl. 118, figs. 14).
Occurrence.—Miocene of Maryland. Identified at Vincentown,
N.J., erroneously.
SPIROPORA CALAMUS Gabb and Horn, 1862
1862. Spiropora calamus GApp and Horn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 166, pl. 21, fig. 55.—UtricH and Basser. in Weller, Geol.
Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 324, pl. 22, fig. 10, 1907.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, N.J. (Gabb
and Horn). Type lost and no specimen of this character ever found
in the Vincentown collections,
REPTOMULTICAVA CEPULARIS Gabb and Horn, 1860
1860. Repiomulticava cepularis Gasp and Horn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, vol. 12, p. 366; Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 4,
p. 401, pl. 69, figs. 33-35; ibid., ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 177, 1862.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, N.J. Unrec-
ognizable.
RETICULIPORA SAGENA Gabb and Horn, 1860
1860. Reticulipora sagena Gass and Horn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
vol. 12, p. 366; Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 4,
1860, p. 400, pl. 69, figs. 80-82; ibid., ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 173, 1862—UtLrick
and BASssLeR, in Weller, Geol. Sury. New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4,
p. 317, 1907.
Occurrence.—Vincentown limesand: Timber Creek, N.J. Species
not recognizable.
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Unless otherwise indicated, all the specimens are magnified X 20,
and are from the Vincentown marl, Vincentown, N.J.
PLATE 1
Figure 1. Vineuwlaria acutirostris, new species (p. 18).
The free vincularform zoarium, showing that the avicularia are
interzooecial, lozenge-shaped, and in longitudinal rows.
2,3. Membranipora nellioides, new species (p. 13).
2, A segment terminated by a regenerated cell.
3, Base of a segment with the avicularia intact.
47. Aplousina contumazr, new species (p. 14).
4, Portion of the encrusting zoarium, showing several regenerated
zooecia. From near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
5, An ovicelled colony, illustrating also the formation of the distal
zooecium and the distal septula. The ovicell is very small and
endozooecial. From near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
6, Ancestrular zooecia deformed by an irregularity of the sub-
stratum.
7, Complete zoarium, showing the ancestrula with cryptocyst, some
regenerated zooecia, the thin basal pellicle, and the orifice of the
large distal septula,
8. Ellisinidra heteropora Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 19).
Encrusting ovicelled specimen, showing the structure of the hyper-
stomial ovicell and several calcified zooecia.
PLATE 2
Ficures 1-6. Aplousina disjuncia Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 15).
1, Surface of the bilamellar zoarium with several ovicelled
zooecia.
2, Surface in which incomplete calcification occasioned the total
disjunction of several zooecial series.
3, Zooecia Showing partial disjunction. One cell is regenerated.
4, Surface with regenerated zooecia, which are here primoserial.
5, Lateral face of the zooecia, illustrating the bilamellar
zoarium and showing the uniporous septules.
6, Dorsal side of a free lamella, showing the zooecial dis-
junction.
7,8. Cranosina altimuralis Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 17).
7, Ancestrular zooecia of the encrusting zoarium. Here there
is a double ancestrula.
8, Regular zooecia of an ovicelled zoarium. The endozooecial
ovicell and the small oblique triangular avicularium are
shown,
Pranrt 3
Fieures 1,2. Membraniporidra perampla Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 18).
1, Portion of the encrusting zoarium, showing four regenerated
zooecia and a giant regenerated one.
2, Portion of an ovicelled zoarium. The ovicell is hyperstomial,
smooth, and buried in the distal zooecium.
93
94 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Ficures 3, 4. Alderina rustica D’Orbigny, 1852 (p. 20).
3, Young ovicelled zooecia of the encrusting zoarium. From
Noxontown Millpond, Del.
4, Portion of an ovicelled example with large zooecia. The
ovicell is hyperstomial and longitudinally carinated.
5-9. Stamenocella oculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 21).
5, A subeylindrical segment preserving the zooecium of the basal
articulation, the radicelled zooecia, and those of the normal
form.
6, Flabellate bilamellate segment composed entirely of radicular
| 700 From near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
, Segment exhibiting the basal zooecium of articulation, radi-
7 eaten and normal zooecia. From near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
8, An example showing the structure of the radicelled zooecia.
There is one regenerated zooecium.
9, A flabellate segment showing the very salient lateral avicu-
laria. From near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
PLATE 4
Ficures 1,2. Alderina welleri, new species (p. 21).
1, Portion of the encrusting zoarium, showing several broken
ovicells, two regenerated zooecia, and an inverted giant one.
2, Portion of an ovicelled example. From Noxontown Millpond,
Del.
3-5. Allantopora annuloidea Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 25).
3, Portion of the encrusting zoarium with zooecia, showing the
gymnocyst.
4, Part of a colony with regenerated zooecia. The structure
of the ovicell is visible.
5, An example showing the ancestrula, a small ordinary
zooecium.
6. Allantopora irregularis Gabb and Horn, 1860 (p. 24).
View of the uniserial, ramified, encrusting zoarium, with several
ovicelled zooecia.
PLATE 5
Figures 1-3. Periporosella (?) plebeia Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 25),
1, Portion of the encrusting zoarium in which the ovicells re-
place the avicularia. Regenerated zooecia are present, and
the lateral dietellae are visible. From Noxontown Millpond,
Del.
2, An example with small interzooecial avicularia and some
zooecia with gymnocyst.
3, The central portion of a zoarium, showing the ancestrula and
surrounding zooecia.
4-7. Orassimarginatella intermedia, new species (Pp. li)
4, Surface of the encrusting zoarium, illustrating the large
interzooecial avicularia and ovicelled zooecia and containing
many regenerated zooecia.
5, Surface with irregular zooecia and some regenerated ones
and (at the base to the right) zooecia inverted without appar-
ent cause.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 95
6, A specimen with regular gemmation. The smooth, carinated,
hyperstomial ovicell is well shown.
7, A zoarium with ancestrula. An interzcoecial avicularium is
regenerated by an ordinary zooecium,
PLATE 6
Ficures 1,2. Crassimarginatella nematoporoides Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 28).
Fragments of the narrow subcylindrical zoarium, exhibiting the
oval zooecia with spinous mural rim, convex gymnocyst, and
beaklike interzooecial avicularium.
3,4. Euritina torta Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 33).
3, A narrow example of the free bilamellar zoarium. The deep
cryptoeyst and fusiform onychocellaria are well developed.
4, Portion of a wide frond with both ordinary and ovicelled
zooecia.
5,6. Callopora noxontownensis, new species (p. 30).
Two portions of the type, an encrusting specimen from Noxon-
town Millpond, Del. The oval, elongated zooecia separated
by a deep furrow and bearing four hollow spines are espe-
cially characteristic.
7-10. Callopora jerseyensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 29).
7, Fragment of the bilamellar zoarium with young zooecia., It
shows the calcification of the avicularia and some regenerated
zooecia.
8, Another example with some young zooecia. The avicularia
are irregularly arranged.
9, An ovicelled specimen; there are four avicularia around each
aperture.
10, Cross section showing that the basal lamella is simple and
that the two lamellae are inseparable.
PLATE 7
Ficurs 1. Floridina subscutata, new species (p. 34).
Portion of the encrusting zoarium. The small zooecia with tri-
foliate opesium and the onychocellarium with elliptical aper-
ture are shown. From Noxontown Millpond, Del.
2-8. Amphiblestrum (?) abortivum Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 30).
2, Pentagonal claviform fragment, showing the longitudinal series
of vibracula.
3, Quadriserial fragment with the vibracula and the structure of
the ovicells exhibited.
4, Pentagonal specimens with a series of cells viewed from the
front.
5, A worn specimen.
6, Dichotomously branched fragment with ovicelled zooecia corre-
sponding to the description of Gabb and Horn for var. capis-
tratum.
7, Encrusting ovicelled specimen with regenerated zooecia and dif-
ferent kinds of kenozooecia.
8, A zoarium encrusting Coscinopleura digitata and giving rise to
erect branches. X 6.
06 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Ficure# 9. Mollia lacessitor, new species (p. 37).
An entire colony (X land X 20), encrusting a Serpula and show-
ing the somewhat trifoliate opesium with straight proximal
border.
10. Mollia parvicella, new species (p. 38).
The encrusting zoarium with ovicells and illustrating the small
zooecial dimensions. From Noxontown Millpond, Del.
PLATE 8
Figure 1. Monoporella (?) laticella, new species (p. 39).
The encrusting zoarium showing the large wide zooecia and the
two opesiules, as well as the olocystal frontal.
2,3. Diacanthopora convexra, new species (p. 68).
2, Surface of the encrusting zoarium, showing the ancestrula.
3, Part of a zoarium, showing that the epicalcification is individual,
much thickens the distal peristome, and hides the spines.
4. Micropora parva, new species (p. 35).
Portion of an encrusting zoarium. The linear opesiules, small
zooecia, and triangular avicularium are shown. From Noxon-
town Millpond, Del.
5. Micropora (?) pulehra Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 36).
The type specimen, a free, narrow, bilamellar frond, showing the
zooecia without opesiules but with a polypidianlike lamella and
also the endozooecial ovicells.
6. Micropora (?) cylindrdcea Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 36).
The free cylindrical fragmentary type specimen.
7. Rhagasostoma americana, new species (p. 40).
Portion of the encrusting zoarium with ancestrula. The primo-
serial fusiform onychocellarium is apparent. From Noxontown
Millpond, Del.
8. Micropora ogivalina, new species (p. 35).
Portion of the encrusting colony, illustrating the ogival form
of zooecia and the short linear opesiules.
PLATE 9
Ficures 1-6. Coscinopleura digitata Morton, 1834 (p. 42).
1, Surface of the narrow bilamellar zoarium with ordinary and
ovicelled zooecia. From Noxontown Millpond, Del.
2, Fragment showing the marginal vibracular zooecia. From
Noxontown Millpond, Del.
3, Bilamellar specimen, showing the lateral kenozooecia of
reinforcement.
4, Vibracula arranged at the bifurcation.
5, An example (xX 6) with zooecia transformed into keno-
zooecia reinforcing a bifurcation and the middle of the
branch. The transformation of zooecia into kenozooecia is
visible.
6, Specimen (X 10) showing a branch reinforced in the mid-
dle by zooecia transformed into kenozooecia.
7,8. Setosinella prolifica, new species (p. 41).
Two portions of the same encrusting zoarium with ovicells
and ancestrula. The zooecial characters, the hyperstomial
ovicell, and the setiform avicularia are indicated.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 97
PLATE 10
Fieures 1-3. Acolopora grandis, new species (p. 46).
1, Ovicelled example of the encrusting zoarium with the avicu-
laria well shown.
2, A specimen showing the ancestrula as a small ordinary
zooecium. From Blackwoodstown, N.J.
8, Marginal portion of a zoarium with ovicelled zooecia.
4,5. Distansescharella pumila Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 47).
4, Surface of encrusting zoarium. The ancestrula is broken.
5, A specimen illustrating the very small zooecia and z00-
eciules and the hyperstomial ovicell.
6. Lagynopora americana, new species (p. 45).
Encrusting ovicelled specimen. The resemblance to Mem-
braniporella is apparent. From Noxontown Millpond, Del.
7. Distansescharella lata, new species (p. 48).
Surface of the type specimen, an encrusting zoarium. The
similarity to D. pumila, but with larger dimensions, is
shown. From Noxontown Millpond, Del.
8. Entalophora quadrangularis Gabb and Horn, 1862.
The original illustration of some bryozoan that has not been
identified in the recent studies. It may represent some worn
Cheilostome like Ochetosella jacksonica Canu and Bassler of
the Jacksonian and Vicksburgian.
PLATE 11
FieurEs 1-5. Pliophloea sagena Morton, 1834 (p. 49).
1, Fragments of the free multilamellar zoarium. Natural size.
2, Surface of an exterior lamella illustrating the small zooecia.
38, Large zooecia of an interior lamella of a multilamellar
zoarium.
4, Transverse section through a multilamellar zoarium. La-
mella 2 was checked in its development and covered by
lamella 3.
5, Transverse section of the same zoarium. The zooecia of
each lamella are independent of those of the adjacent
lamellae.
6-11. Pliophloea ventricosa, new species (p. 51).
6, Two multilamellar, cylindrical, hollow zoaria. Natural size.
7, Surface of an encrusting ovicelled specimen. There are
some ordinary zooeciules, an epizooecial zooeciule, and some
aborted zooecia,
8, Central portion of the small colony of figure 6. The pelmas
are visible at the talon of the costules in the form of small
tuberosities.
9, Portion of an exterior subeolony of the larger example of
figure 6, showing the false ancestrula. The small tuberosi-
ties on the talon of the costules are the pelmas.
10, Portion of colony showing a group of inverted zooecia.
The inferior and superior zooecia are arranged in the nor-
mal way.
11, Zooecia showing the formation of the secondary tissue
(frontal epicalcification).
98 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PLATE 12
FIGURE 1. Rhiniopora parvirostrata, new species (p. 54).
Encrusting ovicelled specimen, illustrating the very small avicu-
laria. From Noxontown Millpond, Del.
2,3. Rhiniopora tubulosa, new species (p. 53).
2, Ordinary zooecia of the encrusting zoarium.
3, Zoarium with ovicelled zooecia. The operculum closes the
hyperstomial ovicell and the apertura.
4. Kelestoma simplex, new species (p. 55).
Encrusting ovicelled specimen exhibiting the furrows separating
the zooecia, the very small ovicell, and the small oral avicu-
laria. :
5,6. Anornithopora (?) fragilis, new species (p. 60).
5, Portion of the encrusting colony where some zooecia have pre-
served their costules.
6, Ovicelled portion of another colony. The operculum closes the
ovicell. One of the ovicells is partly mutilated.
7. Nannopora (?) minimora, new species (p. 52).
View of the encrusting zoarium, showing resemblances to Oribri-
laria radiata.
8. Pliophloea elegans, new species (p. 50).
Ovicelled portion of an encrusting zoarium. The vibracula are
very small. From Noxontown Millpond, Del.
PLATE 13
FieureEs 1,2. Tricephalopora prolifera Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 56).
1, Surface of the encrusting zoarium, showing ovicelled zooecia,
the central elliptical costulated area, and the pseudospiramen.
2, A much ealcified specimen. The costulated area is reduced,
and the costules are little distinct. The nature of the ovicell
and the structure of the oral arch are visible.
3,4. Tricephalopora acutirostris, new species (p. 57).
Two views of the free unilamellar zoarium with ovicelled
zooecia. The straight avicularia, arrangement of costules,
pseudospiramen, and hyperstomial ovicell are illustrated.
5. Tricephalopora incrassata, new species (p. 58).
Ovicelled zooecia of the encrusting zoarium much calcified. The
epicalcification almost entirely surrounds the frontal.
6, 7. Stichocados compositus Lang, 1916 (p. 62).
6, Zooecia with incomplete frontal and without peripores (after
Lang, 1922). XX 27.
7, The unilamellar zoarium with adult zooecia well preserved
and with frontal peripores. From near Blackwoodstown,
N.J.
8. Stichocados mucronatus, new species (p. 64).
Portion of the encrusting type specimen, with ovicelled zooecia
and showing the ancestrula.
9. Hesperopora occidentalis Lang, 1916 (p. 61).
Zooecia of the unilamellar zoarium (after Lang, 1922), X 27.
From near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 99
PLATE 14
Figures 1-3. Polycephalopora birostrata, new species (p. 59).
1, The encrusting zoarium with small ovicelled zooecia.
2, Ancestrular portion of another example.
8, An ovicelled zoarium with large zooecia.
4-7. Diacanthopora abbottii Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 65).
4, Bilamellar specimen with irregular zooecia. The talon of
each avicularium is not on the same zooecium as its beak.
The epicalcification is individual.
5, Surface of ovicelled specimen. The number and width of
the costules are variable. The distal pelmatidia is often
replaced by a pelma.
6, Another specimen with irregular zooecia and more constant
avicularia.
7, Surface of another example, showing structure of ovicells.
8,9. Diacanthopora distans Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 67).
8, Zooecia showing the structure of the ovicell, which crowns
the zooecium and adds to its length.
9, Surface of the encrusting colony with ovicelled zooecia. The
epicalcification is interzooecial and surrounds also the ovicell.
PLaTe 15
Figure 1. Hippaliosina aspera Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 81).
Surface of the encrusting zoarium. The frontal pores are falSe
tremopores.
2-7. Psilosecos muralis Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 83).
2, Portion of the bilamellar zoarium, slightly worn and with thick
walls.
3, Young branch in which the frontal is little calcified.
4, A bifurcated branch with thick walls. The distal avicularium
and the lyrule are buried under the thickness of the walls.
5, Worn specimen.
6, Three transverse sections; the zooecia are exactly opposite one
another.
7, Longitudinal section. The zooecia are opposed. (a = aper-
tura; av=oral avicularium; z—zooecium.)
8. Kleidionella (?) trabeculifera, new species (p. 86).
Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, showing the urceolate zooecia
with the peristomies joined by trabeculae and the salient mucron.
9. Flustrella cylindrica Gabb and Horn, 1862.
The original illustration of some undetermined species from near
Mullica Hill, N.J., but possibly referring to Stamenocella oculata
Ulrich and Bassler, 1907.
100 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PLATE 16
Ficures 1-7. Acanthionella typica Gabb and Horn, 1860 (p. 84).
1, Zoarium (xX 6) encrusting Coscinopleura digitata and emit-
ting three bilamellar branches.
2, Surface of bilamellar specimen much calcified. The pores of
calcification and the formation of new avicularia derange the
order of the primitive avicularia. From near Blackwoods-
town, N.J.
8, Marginal zooecia of an encrusting colony. They are identical
with the zooecia of bilamellar specimens.
4, Encrusting zoarium with its ancestrula, which is a small ordi-
nary zooecium.
5, Bifurcated branch, showing the arrangement of the zooecia
below the bifureation. The epicalcification is little intense,
and the ovicells are still visible exteriorly.
6, Bilamellar specimen, showing the progress of epicalcification
(from top to bottom). The ovicell is hidden by the avicularia
and is visible only by its orifice placed above the apertura.
7, Young ovicelle@d branch with regular and little calcified
zooecia. The ovicells are large and salient.
PLATE 17
Figure 1. Dacryopora (?) orbifera, new species (p. 71).
The uniserial encrusting type specimen. From Noxontown Mill-
pond, Del.
2-5. Hxochella septentrionalis, new species (p. 79).
2, The encrusting zoarium with ovicelled zooecia. The ancestrula
is a small ordinary zooecium; the mucron is little salient.
3, Ancestrular portion of figure 4, showing a membraniporoid an-
cestrula surrounded by four avicularia.
4, A zoarium showing marginal ovicelled zocecia with 1 or 2 oral
avicularia.
5, Ancestrular portion of another specimen. The ancestrula is
membraniporoid with 4 spines and surrounded by 2 avicularia.
6, 7. Diplotresis sparsiporosa Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 72).
6, Surface of the encrusting zoarium with regular zooecia and
containing series and groups of zooeciules.
7, Portion of a zoarium with irregular zooecia.
PLatTe 18
FIcurRE 1. Hippothoa tenuichorda Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 71).
The encrusting zoarium of narrow, elongate, club-shaped zooecia.
2,3. Beisselina intermedia, new species (p. 75).
2, Median part of the bifoliate zoarium, showing the arrangement
of the large avicularia.
3, Several fragments (natural size) and lateral portion of a branch
(X 20). There are 4 to 6 small peristomial avicularia and 3 to
5 small frontal avicularia.
4. Beisselind lonsdalei, new species (p. 77).
The type specimen, a bifurcated branch (natural size and X 20).
Each peristomice is surrounded by 4 or 5 avicularia. The frontal
is hidden by 4 to 8 small avicularia.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 101
PLATE 19
Ficures 1-6. Beisselina mortoni, new species (p. 76).
1, Fragments of zoaria. Natural size.
2, Branch with a single avicularium on the proximal lip of the
peristomice, forming the mucron. The ascopore is small.
8, Specimen slightly worn. The proximal avicularium is in
its place, but there is no avicularian mucron.
4, Portion of a branch with a large avicularium.
5, Branch somewhat worn. The peristomes bear on _ their
proximal lip 2 or 38 avicularia, replacing the avicularian
mucron.
6, Worn specimen.
7-13. Beisselina labiata Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 73).
7, Fragments. Natural size.
8, A colony (X 3) showing the base grasping another bryozoan.
9, Surface of a branch in which the zooecia have very large
ascopores.
10, A bifureated branch with small ascopores. The frontal of
each zooecium is covered by three small avicularia or by a
single very large one.
11, Edge of a branch. The ascopores are very large.
12, Longitudinal section in a branch having large frontal
avicularia.
13, Transverse sections. (a=apertura; as=ascopore; av=
small frontal avicularia; Av—large frontal avicularia; pe=
peristomice (external aperture); pi=peristomie; z=
zooecium. )
PLATE 20
Fraures 1-3. Perigastrella exserta Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 80).
1, Surface of the encrusting zoarium with some zooecia so
worn as to show the dietellae.
2, Zooecia illustrating the fringed peristome and the recumbent
ovicell.
8, A specimen in which the distal dietellae are visible on the
broken zooecia and the areolar pores are apparent.
4-7. Monoporella (?) vincentownensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1907 (p. 39).
4, A small colony with opesiules visible. From near Black-
woodstown, N.J.
5, Portion of the encrusting zoarium with one complete and
one broken ovicell. From near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
6, Surface of zoarium with lamellar expansions marking the
place of ancient ovicells or those not fully formed.
7, A typical expansion with ovicells and opesiular indenta-
tions visible. From near Blackwoodstown, N.J.
8. Diacanthopora marginata Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 69).
The original illustration of this encrusting species, which has
not been rediscovered. From Mullica Hill, N.J.
102 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PLATE 21
Upper: Surface of an indurated layer of fossiliferous limesand, natural size,
from the marl pit at Vincentown, N.J., shown in the illustration below.
The flat side of a few examples of the ribbonlike branches of Coscinopleura.
digitata Morton and the irregular fronds of Pliophloea sagena Morton are
visible, but most of the many bryozoan fragments present are very small
or are placed edgewise.
Lower: Marl pit at Vincentown, N.J., which has supplied a large part of the
Bryozoa studied by the authors. The undulating line marks the uncon-
formity of the Vincentown limesand formation below and the overlying
strata of more recent age. The limesand is unusually fossiliferous at this
point, and sifting of the loose sand resulted in many millions of frag-
mentary Bryozoa. Certain beds have been cemented together producing
layers of harder rock, as shown in the upper figure.
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 1
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
XPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 93
NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 93.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 165 PLATE 3
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 93, 94.
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 4
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 94,
BUELETIN65) (PEATE S
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANAT
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 6
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 95,
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
BULLETIN 165 PLATE
7
eee
\ <° @&*
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 95, 96.
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 8
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 96.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 165 PLATES
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 96.
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 10
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
+,"
‘
.
te wN
ae
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 97.
11
PLATE
BULLETIN 165
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 97.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 98.
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 12
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 165 PLATE 13
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 98,
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 99.
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 14
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 165 PLATE 15
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 99.
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 16
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 100.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 165: PLATE 17
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 100,
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 18
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 100.
PEATE 19
BULLETIN 165
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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VINCENTOWN LIMESAND BRYOZOA.
SEE PAGE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE
BULLETIN 165 PLATE 20
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
SAND BRYOZOA.
VINCENTOWN LIME
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 101.
So PLAE at
BULLETIN 16
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
ND THEREFROM.
MARL PIT AT VINCENTOWN, N.J., AND FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESA
EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 102.
FOR
INDEX
(Principal references are given in boldface figures; synonyms are printed in
italics )
abbotti, Idmonea, 8, 11, 89, 90.
abbottii, Bicrisina, 11, 89.
Escharipora, 10, 65, 70.
Heterocrisina, 8, 10, 11, 89.
abbottii, Diacanthopora, 7, 10, 11, 65,
68, 69, 99.
Membraniporella, 7.
abortiva, Membranipora, 10, 81, 32.
abortivum, Amphiblestrum, 6, 10, 30,
52, 95.
Acanthionella, 84.
oecioporosa, S4.
simplex, 8.
typica, 6, 8, 9, 10, 84, 100.
Acanthocella, 64.
Acerviclausa vermicularis, 10.
Acropora, 78.
coronata, 77.
Acroporidae, 73.
acutirostris, Tricephalopora, 8, 57, 98.
Vincularia, 8, 138, 938
Aeolopora, 46.
grandis, 6, 46, 97.
Alderina, 20.
rustica, 6, 20, 94.
welleri, 6, 21, 94.
Alderinidae, 16.
Allantopora, 24.
annuloidea, 6, 12, 25, 94.
curta, 24.
irregularis, 6, 9, 10, 24, 25, 94.
senoniensis, 24.
stomatoporoides, 24.
translucens, 24.
altimuralis, Cranosina, 7,
93.
altimuralis, Escharinella, 12 16, 17.
alumensis, Cranosina, 16.
alumensis, Membranipora, 16.
americana, Berenicea, 9, 12, 88.
Clausa, 89.
Fascipora, 9, 10, 89.
americana, Diaperoecia, 8, 9, 10,12, 89.
Lagynopora, 7, 45, 47, 97.
Plagioecia, 8, 9, 12, 88.
Rhagasostoma, 7, 40, 96.
Amphiblestrum, 30.
abortivum, 6, 10, 30, 52, 95.
heteropora, 8, 9, 19.
spiculosum, 19.
Anasea, 13.
2) 1G lela;
Andrioporidae, 46.
anglica, Herpetopora, 32.
angusta, Ellisina, 8.
angusta, Periporosella, 8.
angustidens, Monoporella, 83, 84.
angustidens, Psilesecos, 83.
annuloidea, Allantopora, 6, 12, 25, 94.
annuloidea, Membranipora, 12, 25.
Anornithopora, 60.
fragilis, 6, 60, 98.
implumis, 61.
anterides, Membranipora, 26.
Antropora, 32.
granulifera, 32.
pustulata, 382.
Aplousina, 14.
contumax, 6, 14, 93.
disjuncta, 6, 10, 15, 98.
aquia, Macropora, 8.
aquia, Monoporella, 8.
arachnoides, Canda, 14.
aspera, Bathosella, 8.
Hippaliosina, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 81, 99.
aspera, Lepralia, 81.
Mucronella, 84, 86.
Reptocelleporaria, 10, 81.
Ascophora, 45.
Aspidostomidae, 37.
Barroisina, 72.
Bathosella aspera, 8.
Beisselina, 73, 85.
coronata, 78.
intermedia, 6, 75, 100.
labiata, 7, 11, 73, 75, 76, 78, 101.
lonsdalei, 7, 12, 75, 76, 77, 100.
mortoni, 7, 76, 101.
mucronata, 77.
Berenicea americana, 9, 12, 88.
Bicrisina abbottii, 11, 89.
Biflustra disjuncta, 10, 15.
tOntaa lO: V2. oo:
Biflustridae, 18.
bifurcata, Filisparsa, 12, 88.
bifureata, Oncousoecia, 8, 9, 12, 88.
bilabiata, Cellepora, 9, 10.
birostrata, Polyecephalopora, 7, 59, 99.
Bisidmonea gabbiana, 12, 88.
brevigaleata, Caberea, 14.
brevis, Cranosina, 16.
brevis, Ellisina, 16.
Bugularia, 23.
104
Caberea brevigaleata, 14.
calamus, Spiropora, 10, 91.
calceata, Pelmatopora, 69.
Callopora, 29.
jerseyensis, 7, 12, 29, 60, 95.
noxontownensis, 7, 30, 95.
sexrspinosa, 25.
Canda, 22.
arachnoides, 14.
capistrata, Flustrella, 10, 30, 31, 33.
carinata, Cellepora, 9, 10.
Carydiopora, 63.
Cawaria dumosa, 9.
Cellaria, 22.
Cellepora bilabiata, 9, 10.
carinata, 9, 10.
erecta, 39.
exserta, 10, 80.
prolifica, 9, 10.
pumila, 10, 47.
subgranulata, 37.
tubulata, 11, 91.
typica, 10, 84.
Celleporidae, 84.
celleporoides, Kleidionella, 87.
Ceriopora micropora, 9.
cepularis, Reptomulticava, 10, 11, 91.
Cheilopora labiosa, 8.
Cheilostomata, 6, 8, 18.
cingulata, Membranipora, 14.
Clausa americana, 89.
Coelopora, 60.
Collarina, 30.
compactum, Diplosolen, 9.
compositus, Stichocados, 7, 11, 62, 65,
98
compressa, Ditamxia, 9.
conradii, Entalophora, 8, 10, 87.
contortilis, Filisparsa, 88.
Idmonea, 10, 11, 88.
contortilis, Oncousoecia, 8, 10, 11, 88.
contumax, Aplousina, 6, 14, 93.
convexa, Diacanthopora, 7, 68, 96.
coriacea, Micropora, 35.
coronata, Acropora, 77.
Membranipora, 16.
Porina, 12, 78.
coronata, Beisselina, 78.
Cranosina, 16.
Coscinopleura, 14, 19, 21, 24, 42, 47,
48, 52, 53, 59, 79, 80, 84.
digitatay i ie ouo lO: tll SOE
42, 56, 68, 96, 102.
Coscinopleuridae, 42.
Cranosina, 16.
altimuralis, 7, 12, 16, 17, 93.
alumensis, 16.
brevis, 16.
coronata, 16.
lata, 16.
philippinensis, 16.
Craspedopora, 29.
crassimarginata, Membranipora, 28.
Crassimarginatella, 27.
intermedia, 7, 27, 94.
nematoporoides, 7, 12, 28, 95.
BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
crassula, Membraniporella, 8.
Crateropora, 37.
Crescis labiata, 11, 73.
Cribrilaria radiata, 53, 98.
Cribrilina cryptoecium, 64.
verrucosa, 64.
Cribrimorphs, general remarks on, 70.
Crisina striatopora, 12, 91.
cryptoecium, Cribrilina, 64.
curta, Allantopora, 24.
Cyclostomata, 8, 9, 87.
eylindracea, Micropora, 7, 12, 36, 96.
cylindrica, Flustrella, 10, 21, 23, 99.
cylindrica, Stamenocella, 8.
Cytisidae, 90.
Dacryopora, 71.
orbifera, 7, 71, 100.
danica, Hesperopora, 62.
deshayesi, Mollia, 38.
Diacanthopora, 65.
abbottii, 7, 10, 11, 65, 68, 69, 99.
convexa, 7, 68, 96.
distans, 7, 10, 11, 67, 99.
marginata, 7, 10, 11, 69, 101.
Diaperoecia americana, 8, 9, 10, 12, 89.
saillans 8, 9, 89.
varians, 88.
Diaperoeciidae, 89.
Diastopora lineata, 9, 10, 89.
Diastoporidae, 87.
dichotoma, Eschara, 9.
Reticulipora, 11, 12, 89.
dichotoma, Lekythionia, 8, 9, 11, 12, 89.
Didymosella, 80.
digitata, Coscinopleura, 1, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 39, 42, 56, 68, 96, 102.
digitata, Eschara, 10, 12, 42.
Escharina, 11.
Diplosolen compactum, 9.
lineatum, 8, 9, 10, 89.
Diplotresis, 72.
sparsiporosa, 7, 12, 72, 100.
Discocytis eccentrica, 8, 9, 12. 90.
Discosparsa varians, 9, 12, 88.
disjuncta, Aplousina, 6, 10, 15, 93.
disjuncta, Biflustra, 10, 15.
distans, Diacanthopora, 7, 10, 11, 67,
99
distans, Escharipora, 10, 67.
Distansescharella, 47, 52, 73.
lata, 7, 48, 97.
pumila, 7, 10, 47, 49, 97.
Ditazxia compressa, 9.
dumosa, Cawvaria, 9.
dumosa, Partretocycloecia, 9.
eccentrica, Discocytis, 8, 9, 12, 90.
elegans, Pliophloea, 7, 50, 98.
Ellisina, 16, 17, 19.
angusta, 8.
brevis, 16.
lata, 16.
levata, 17, 19.
philippinensis, 16.
spiculosa, 8.
IN DEX
Ellisinidra, 18.
heteropora, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 19, 93.
levata, 19.
Entalophora conradii, 8, 10, 87.
quadrangularis, 10, 77, 97.
erecta, Cellepora, 39.
Micropora, 39.
erina, HEschara, 14.
Eschara, 11.
dichotoma, 9.
digitata, 10, 12, 42.
erina, 14.
striata, 86.
Escharellidae, 79.
Escharina digitata, 11.
sagena, 11.
Escharinella altimuralis, 12, 16, 17.
muralis, 10, 88.
Escharipora abbottii, 10, 65, 70.
distans, 10, 67.
immersa, 10.
typica, 10.
Euritina, 33.
torta, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 338, 95.
Exochella, 79.
septentrionalis, 79, 100.
exserta, Cellepora, 10, 80.
Monoporella, 80.
exserta, Perigastrella, 10, 80, 101.
Fascipora americana, 9, 10, 89.
subramosa, 9, 12, 89.
ferox, Scrupocellaria, 14.
Filifascigera megaera, 8, 10, 11, 12, 90.
Filisparsa bifurcata, 12, 88.
contortilis, 88.
Floridina, 34,
scutata, 34.
subscutata, 7, 34, 95.
Flustra, 11.
sagena, 12, 49.
Flustrella capistrata, 10, 30, 31, 33.
cylindrica, 10, 21, 23, 99.
fragilis, Anornithopora, 6, 60, 98.
Frondiporidae, 90.
fulgora, Membranipora, 15.
gabbiana, Bisidmonea, 12, 88.
gabbiana, Stathmepora, 8, 9, 12, 88.
Galeopsidae, 56, 58.
Gephyrotes, 55.
glabra, Micropora, 29.
grama, Vincularia, 14.
grandis, Aeolopora, 6, 46, 97.
granulifera, Antropora, 32.
granulifera, Membranipora, 32.
Haplocephalopora, 57.
uniceps, 59.
Haplopoma, 73.
Herpetopora anglica, 32.
Hesperopora, 61.
danica, 62.
occidentalis, 7, 11, 61, 98.
Heterocella pentagona, 14.
Heterocrisina abbottii, 10, 11, 89.
105
heteropora, Amphiblestrum, 8, 9, 19.
Reptoflustrella, 10, 12, 19.
heteropora, Ellisinidra, 8, 9, 10, 12, 19,
93.
Heteropora parvicella, 90.
tecta, 9.
Hexacanthopora, 46.
Hincksinidae, 14.
Hippaliosina, 81.
aspera, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 81, 99.
Hippelozoon, 83.
Hippopodinidae, 81.
Hippothoa, 71.
irregularis, 9, 10, 24.
tenuichorda, 7, 12, 71, 100.
Hippothoidae, 71.
horsleyensis, Lagynopora, 61.
Idmonea abbotti, 8, 11, 89, 90.
contortilis, 10, 11, 88.
immersa, Escharipora, 10.
implumis, Anornithopora, 61.
incrassata, Tricephalopora, 8, 58, 98.
intermedia, Beisselina, 6, 75, 100.
Crassimarginatella, 7, 27, 94.
Membraniporella nitida, 61.
irregularis, Allantopora, 6, 9, 10, 24
25, 94.
irregularis, Hippothoa, 9, 10, 24.
Pyripora, 10, 24.
’
jacksonica, Ochetosella, 10, 77, 97.
jerseyensis, Callopora, 7, 12, 29, 60, 95.
jerseyensis, Membranipora, 12, 29.
Kelestoma, 55.
simplex, 7, 55, 98.
Kelestominae, 55.
Kleidionella, 86.
celleporoides, 87.
trabeculifera, 7, 86, 99.
ktimmelli, Stomatopora, 8, 12, 87.
labiata, Crescis, 11, 73.
Porina, 73.
labiata, Beisselina, 7, 11, 73, 75, 76, 78,
101.
Labiopora, 37.
labiosa, Cheilopora, §&.
labiosa, Lepralia, 8.
lacessitor, Mollia, 7, 37, 38, 96.
laevis, Ramphonotus, 8.
Lagynopora, 45, 49.
americana, 7, 45, 47, 97.
horsleyensis, 61.
Lagynoporidae, 45.
lata, Cranosina, 16.
Distansescharella, 7, 48, 97.
lata, Ellisina, 16.
laticella, Monoporella, 7, 39, 40, 96.
laximaculata, Membranipora, 19.
Leiosoecia parvicella, 8, 9, 10, 11, 90,
91.
Leiosoeciidae, 90.
Lekythionia dichotoma, 8, 9, 11, 12, 89.
106
BULLETIN 165,
Lepralia aspera, 81.
labiosa, 8.
neumayri, S80.
russelli, 86.
subplana, 8, 12, 81.
levata, Ellisina, 17, 19.
Membranipora, 17, 19.
levata, Ellisinidra, 19.
Lichenopora papyracea, 8, 90.
Lichenoporidae, 90.
lineata, Diastopora, 9, 10, 89.
lineatum, Diplosolen, 8, 9, 10, 89.
lonsdalei, Beisselina, 7, 12, 75, 76, 77,
100.
Lunularia reversa, 8.
lusoria, Membranipora, 13.
Macropora, 39.
aquia, 8.
Malleatia, 83.
marginata, Diacanthopora, 7, 10, 11, 69,
101.
Membraniporella, 70.
marginata, Reptescharipora, 10, 69.
Marssonopora, 72.
megaera, Filifascigera, 8, 10, 11, 12, 90.
megaera, Tubulipora, 11, 90.
Membranipora, 138, 16, 32.
abortiva, 10, 31, 32.
alumensis, 16.
annuloidea, 12, 25.
anterides, 26.
cingulata, 14.
coronata, 14.
crassimarginata, 28.
fulgora, 15.
granulifera, 32.
humiliata, 26.
jerseyensis, 12, 29.
laximaculata, 19.
levata, 17, 19.
lusoria, 13.
nellioides, 7, 13, 98.
nematoporoides, 12, 28.
perampla, 10, 18.
plebeia, 10, 25.
rustica, 20.
seutata, 34.
valdemunita, 28, 34.
Membraniporella, 45.
abbottii, 70.
crassula, 8.
marginata, 70.
modesta, 8.
nitida intermedia, 61.
Membraniporidra, 18.
perampla, 7, 10, 18, 93.
Membraniporina rimulata, 8.
Meniscopora subplana, 9, 81.
Micropora, 35, 39, 41.
coriacea, 35.
cylindracea, 7, 12, 36, 96.
erecta, 39.
glabra, 39.
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Micropora ogivalina, 7, 35, 36.
parva, 7, 35, 96.
pulchra, 7, 12, 36, 96.
vincentownensis, 12, 39.
micropora, Ceriopora, 9.
Microporella sparsiporosa, 12, T2.
minimora, Nannopora, 7, 52, 98.
mockleri, Mystriopora, 82.
modesta, Membraniporella, 8.
Mollia, 37.
deshayesi, 38.
lacessitor, 7, 37, 38, 96.
parvicella, 7, 38, 96.
Monoporella, 39.
angustidens, 83, S4.
aquia, &.
exserta, 80.
laticella, 7, 39, 40, 96.
vincentownensis, 7, 8, 12, 39, 101.
Morphosmopora, 55, 56.
mortoni, Beisselina, 7, 76, 101.
mucronata, Beisselina, 77.
mucronatus, Stichocados, 8, 64, 98.
Mucronella, 84.
aspera, 84, 86.
muralis, 83.
pumila, 47, 79.
typica, 84.
Multicrescis parvicella, 9, 10, 11, 90.
muralis, Escharinella, 10, 83.
Mucronella, 83.
muralis, Psilosecos, 7, 10, 88, 99.
Myriozoum truncatum, 44.
Mystriopora mockleri, 32.
Nannopora, 48, 52.
minimora, 7, 52, 98.
Nellia, 13.
nellioides, Membranipora, 7, 18, 93.
nematoporoides, Crassimarginatella, 7,
12, 28, 95.
nematoporoides, Membranipora, 12, 28.
neumayri, Lepralia, 80.
nitida intermedia, Membraniporella,
noxontownensis, Callopora, 7, 30, 95.
occidentalis, Hesperopora, 7, 11, 61, 98.
Ochetosella jacksonica, 10, 77, 97.
oculata, Planicellaria, 21.
oculata, Stamenocella, 7, 8, 10, 21, 94,
99.
oecioporosa, Acanthionella, 84.
ogivalina, Micropora, 7, 35, 36.
Oncousoecia bifureata, 8, 9, 88.
contortilis, 8, 10, 11, 88.
Oncousoeciidae, 88.
Opesiulidae, 34.
orbifera, Dacryopora, 7, 71, 100.
ordinatus, Stichocados, 64.
Otopora, 72.
ovalis, Retelea, 8, 10, 87.
papyracea, Lichenopora, 8, 90.
papyracea, Unitubigera, 90.
Parallelata, 87.
Partretocycloecia dumosa, 9.
INDEX
parva, Micropora, 7, 35, 96.
parvicella, Heteropora, 90.
Multicrescis, 9, 10, 11, 90.
parvicella, Leiosoecia, 8, 9, 10, 11, 90,
91
Mollia, 7, 38, 96.
parvirostrata, Rhiniopora, 7, 54, 98.
Pelmatopora, 69.
calceata, 69.
Pelmatoporidae, 53.
pentagona, Heterocella, 14.
perampla, Membranipora, 10, 18.
perampla, Membraniporidra, 7, 10, 18,
93.
Perigastrella, 80.
exserta, 7, 10, 80, 101.
Periporosella, 25.
angusta, 8.
plebeia, 7, 8, 10, 25, 94.
Peristomellae, 79.
philippinensis, Cranosina, 16.
philippinensis, Hllisina, 16.
Phractoporella, 60.
Phylactellidae, 80.
Plagioecia americana, 8, 9, 12, 88.
subramosa, 9.
varians, 8, 9, 12, 88.
Plagioeciidae, 88.
Planicellaria, 23.
oculata, 21.
plebeia, Membranipora, 10, 25.
plebeia, Periporosella, 7, 8, 10, 25, 94.
Pliophloea, 24, 47, 49.
elegans, 7, 50, 98.
sagenajod, 4% 9, 10:10, 12, 49552,
56, 60, 68, 97, 102.
ventricosa, 7, 51, 97.
Polycephalopora, 59.
birostrata, 7, 59, 99.
Porina coronata, 12, 78.
labiata, 78.
quadrangularis, 76.
Prodromopora, 46.
prolifica, Cellepora, 9, 10.
prolifera, Reptescharellina, 10, 56.
prolifera, Tricephalopora, 8, 10, 11, 56,
58, 98.
prolifica, Setosinella, 7, 41, 96.
Psilosecos, 82, 86.
angustidens, 838.
muralis, 7, 10, 88, 99.
pulchra, Micropora, 7, 12, 36, 96.
pumila, Cellepora, 10, 47.
Mucronella, 47, 79.
pumila, Distansescharella, 7, 10, 47,
49, 97.
Puncturiella, 37.
pustulata, Antropora, 32.
pygmaea, Reptescharella, 53.
Pyripora irregularis, 10, 24.
Pyrulella, 25.
quadrangularis, Entalophora, 19, 77,
97.
quadrangularis, Porina, 76.
177635—33——-8
107
radiata, Cribrilaria, 53, 98.
Ramphonotus laevis, 8.
Rectangulata, 90.
regularis, Stomatopora, 8, 10, 87.
Reptescharella pygmaea, 53.
Reptescharellina prolifera, 10, 56.
Reptescharipora marginata, 10, 69.
Reptocelleporaria aspera, 10, 81.
Reptoflustrella heteropora, 10, 12, 19.
Reptomulticava cepularis, 10, 11, 91.
Retelea ovalis, 8, 10, 87.
Retepora, 11.
Reteporidae, 82, 86.
Reticulipora dichotoma, 11, 12, 89.
sagena, 10, 11, 91.
reversa, Lunularia, 8.
Rhagasostoma, 40.
americana, 7, 40, 96.
Rhiniopora, 53.
parvirostrata, 7, 54, 98.
tubulosa, 7, 58, 54, 98.
rimulata, Membraniporina, 8.
russelli, Lepralia, 86.
rustica, Alderina, 20, 94.
rustica, Membranipora, 20.
sagena, Hscharina, 11.
Flustra, 12, 49.
Sagena, Pliophloea, 1, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12,
49, 52, 56, 60, 68, 97, 102.
Reticulipora, 10, 11, 91.
saillans, Diaperoecia, 8, 9, 89.
saltdeanensis, Tricephalopora, 57.
scrupea, Serupocellaria, 14.
Scrupocellaria, 14.
ferox, 14.
scrupea, 14.
Scrupocellariidae, 14.
sculpta, Steganoporella, 36.
Vincularia, 36, 37.
scutata, Floridina, 34.
scutata, Membranipora, 34.
Selenariidae, 48, 44.
senoniensis, Allantopora, 24.
septentrionalis, Exochella, 7, 79, 100.
Serpulae, 37, 38.
Setosella, 41, 42.
Setosellidae, 41.
Setosellina, 17.
Setosinella, 41.
prolifica, 7, 41, 96.
sexspinosa, Callopora, 25.
simplex, Acanthionella, 8.
Kelestoma, 7, 55, 98.
Smittinidae, 84, 86.
sparsiporosa, Diplotresis, 7, 12, 72, 100.
sparsiporosa, Microporella, 12, 72.
spiculosa, Ellisina, 8.
spiculosum, Amphiblestrum, 19.
Spiropora calamus, 10, 91.
Stamenocella, 21.
eylindrica, 8.
oculata, 7, 8, 10, 21, 94, 99.
Stathmepora gabbiana, 8, 9, 12, 88.
108 BULLETIN 165, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Steganoporella, 37.
sculpta, 36.
Stichocados, 62.
compositus, 7, 11, 62, 65, 98.
mucronatus, 8, 64, 98.
ordinatus, 64.
verruculosus, 63, 64.
Stomatopora kiimmelli, 8, 12, 87.
regularis, 8, 10, 87.
temnichorda (=tenuichorda), 12,
els
stomatoporoides, Allantopora, 24.
striata, Eschara, 86.
striatopora, Crisina, 12, 91.
subgranulata, Cellepora, 37.
subplana, Lepralia, 8, 12, 81.
Meniscopora, 9, 81.
subramosa, Fascipora, 9, 12, 89.
Plagioecia, 9.
subscutata, Floridina, 7, 34, 95.
Synaptacella, 14.
Synaptacellidae, 14.
tecta, Heteropora, 9.
temnichorda (=tenuichorda), Stomat-
opora, 12, 71.
tenuichorda, Hippothoa, 7, 12, 71.
torta, Biflustra, 10, 12, 33.
torta, Euritina, 8, 9, 10, 12, 33, 95.
trabeculifera, Kleidionella, 7, 86, 99.
translucens, Allantopora, 24.
Tricephalopora, 56.
acutirostris, 57, 98.
incrassata, 8, 58, 98.
prolifera, 8, 10, 11, 56, 58, 98.
saltdeanensis, 57.
Tricephaloporinae, 55.
Tricolopora, 48.
Trilophopora, 48.
truncatum, Myriozoum, 44.
Tubucellaria, 22.
tubulata, Cellepoa, 11, 91.
Tubulipora megaera, 11, 90.
Tubuliporidae, 89.
tubulosa, Rhiniopora, 7, 53, 54, 98.
typica, Acanthionella, 6, 8, 9, 10, 84,
100.
typica, Cellepora, 10, 84.
Escharipora, 10.
Mucronelila, 84.
uniceps, Haplocephalopora, 59.
Unitubigera papyracea, 90.
valdemunita, Membranipora, 28, 34.
Valdemunitella, 28.
varians, Diaperoecia, 88.
Discospara, 9, 12, 88.
varians, Plagioecia, 8, 9, 12, 88.
ventricosa, Pliophloea, 7, 51, 97.
vermicularis, Acerviclausa, 10.
verrucosa, Cribrilina, 64.
verruculosus, Stichocados, 63, 64.
vincentownensis, Micropora, 12, 39.
vincentownensis, Monoporella, 7, 8, 12,
39, 101.
Vincularia, 13.
acutirostris, 8, 18, 93.
grama, 14.
sculpta, 36, 37.
welleri, Alderina, 6, 21, 94.
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